Figure 4.

(A) CIU stability responses for ligand M3 (purple) and M5 (blue) bound to the 20+ charge state of Con A tetramer. (B) Collision voltage differences recorded between adjacent Con A bound state for ligand M3 and M5. Data indicates significant nonlinear stability increment for M5 that are not apparent for M3. (C) CIU-based collision voltage difference values for M5 bound Con A complexes recorded for 19+ (open blue box) and 20+ (filled blue box) ions. The cooperative stabilization effect observed is clear for those ions having a higher overall charge but not apparent for those of lesser charge state.