Major cardiovascular defects in Chd7fl/fl;Mesp1-Cre embryos. (A) At E15.5, Chd7fl/fl;Mesp1-Cre embryos showed severe oedema (arrow) and/or haemorrhaging compared to littermate Chd7fl/fl controls. (B) Normal great vessel configuration was seen in Chd7fl/fl embryos, whilst 21% of Chd7fl/fl;Mesp1-Cre embryos showed interrupted aortic arch type B (IAA-B) when examined at E15.5 (star). India ink injection was used on the Chd7fl/fl;Mesp1-Cre embryo shown here to better visualise the great vessels. (C) Ink injection at E10.5 was used to visualise the developing left and right 3rd, 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) in Chd7fl/fl (top panel) and Chd7fl/fl;Mesp1-Cre (bottom panel) embryos. All Chd7fl/fl;Mesp1-Cre embryos examined showed normal PAA development (n=14). Scale bars represent 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B) or 0.2 mm (C). rsc/lscindicates right/left subclavian artery; rcc/lcc, right/left common carotid artery; aa, aortic arch; oft, outflow tract; ra/la, right/left atrium; rv/lv, right/left ventricle.