Table 3. Logistic regression models predicting obesity (BMI% ≥ 95) among kindergarteners using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, 1998 kindergarten cohort (ECLS-K) and 2001 birth cohort (ECLS-B) by Hispanic ethnicity: Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
| Hispanic | Non-Hispanica | All Children | ||||||||||
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| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Mother's English | ||||||||||||
| Proficiency by Nativity (LEP second gen.) | ||||||||||||
| HEP second gen. | 0.65 | (0.43, 0.99) | 0.62 | (0.41, 0.94) | 0.95 | (0.61, 1.47) | 0.86 | (0.55, 1.35) | 0.75 | (0.56, 1.01) | 0.71 | (0.53, 0.95) |
| Third-plus gen. | 0.71 | (0.53, 0.96) | 0.61 | (0.45, 0.83) | 0.83 | (0.53, 1.31) | 0.70 | (0.44, 1.12) | 0.72 | (0.58, 0.90) | 0.62 | (0.50, 0.78) |
| Mother's | ||||||||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| (White) Hispanic | – | – – | – | – – | – | – – | – | – – | 1.55 | (1.28, 1.87) | 1.39 | (1.14, 1.70) |
| Black | – | – – | – | – – | 1.44 | (1.18, 1.76) | 1.26 | (1.03, 1.53) | 1.40 | (1.15, 1.69) | 1.22 | (1.00, 1.49) |
| Asian | – | – – | – | – – | 0.99 | (0.67, 1.46) | 1.06 | (0.72, 1.57) | 0.94 | (0.69, 1.27) | 1.02 | (0.75, 1.38) |
| Native American | – | – – | – | – – | 1.44 | (1.04, 2.00) | 1.32 | (0.95, 1.84) | 1.41 | (1.02, 1.95) | 1.31 | (0.94, 1.82) |
| Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | – | – – | – | – – | 1.40 | (0.85, 2.30) | 1.30 | (0.76, 2.20) | 1.38 | (0.86, 2.24) | 1.24 | (0.74, 2.06) |
| More than one race | – | – – | – | – – | 1.59 | (0.89, 2.83) | 1.47 | (0.81, 2.64) | 1.56 | (0.88, 2.79) | 1.45 | (0.80, 2.63) |
| Mother's | ||||||||||||
| Education (Less than 9th grade) | ||||||||||||
| 9th–12th grade | 0.77 | (0.49, 1.21) | 0.73 | (0.46, 1.15) | 0.79 | (0.41, 1.53) | 0.79 | (0.41, 1.53) | 0.73 | (0.52, 1.03) | 0.73 | (0.51, 1.03) |
| High school/GED | 0.65 | (0.45, 0.94) | 0.67 | (0.46, 0.97) | 0.72 | (0.38, 1.37) | 0.71 | (0.37, 1.35) | 0.66 | (0.49, 0.89) | 0.66 | (0.49, 0.90) |
| Some college | 0.65 | (0.42, 1.01) | 0.66 | (0.42, 1.03) | 0.71 | (0.38, 1.36) | 0.68 | (0.36, 1.30) | 0.66 | (0.49, 0.90) | 0.64 | (0.47, 0.88) |
| Bachelor's | 0.59 | (0.31, 1.10) | 0.63 | (0.32, 1.23) | 0.46 | (0.24, 0.89) | 0.48 | (0.25, 0.93) | 0.43 | (0.31, 0.61) | 0.46 | (0.32, 0.66) |
| Some grad. school | 0.38 | (0.16, 0.91) | 0.45 | (0.19, 1.07) | 0.48 | (0.24, 0.96) | 0.52 | (0.25, 1.05) | 0.43 | (0.29, 0.65) | 0.48 | (0.31, 0.72) |
| Log Household Income | 0.95 | (0.82, 1.09) | 0.97 | (0.84, 1.12) | 0.89 | (0.82, 0.97) | 0.92 | (0.84, 1.00) | 0.91 | (0.84, 0.97) | 0.94 | (0.87, 1.01) |
| Mother's Marital Status | ||||||||||||
| (Never married) Married | 0.73 | (0.52, 1.03) | 0.72 | (0.51, 1.02) | 0.94 | (0.74, 1.19) | 0.91 | (0.72, 1.16) | 0.84 | (0.69, 1.03) | 0.82 | (0.67, 1.01) |
| Formerly married | 0.98 | (0.64, 1.48) | 0.98 | (0.64, 1.49) | 0.92 | (0.70, 1.21) | 0.92 | (0.70, 1.21) | 0.91 | (0.73, 1.14) | 0.91 | (0.73, 1.13) |
| Birth Weight | ||||||||||||
| Low (Average) | 0.63 | (0.38, 1.02) | 0.64 | (0.38, 1.05) | 0.66 | (0.52, 0.83) | 0.66 | (0.52, 0.83) | 0.65 | (0.53, 0.80) | 0.66 | (0.53, 0.81) |
| High | 2.64 | (1.85, 3.76) | 2.42 | (1.68, 3.48) | 1.84 | (1.50, 2.26) | 1.55 | (1.25, 1.93) | 2.01 | (1.68, 2.40) | 1.74 | (1.44, 2.10) |
| Mother's Age at Birth | 1.02 | (1.00, 1.04) | 1.01 | (0.99, 1.03) | 1.01 | (1.00, 1.03) | 1.00 | (0.99, 1.02) | 1.02 | (1.01, 1.03) | 1.01 | (1.00, 1.02) |
| Singleton | 1.07 | (0.58, 1.98) | 1.13 | (0.58, 2.19) | 1.10 | (0.78, 1.55) | 1.20 | (0.85, 1.71) | 1.09 | (0.81, 1.48) | 1.19 | (0.87, 1.63) |
| Child Is Female | 0.77 | (0.61, 0.98) | 0.78 | (0.61, 1.00) | 1.05 | (0.91, 1.20) | 1.02 | (0.89, 1.17) | 0.96 | (0.86, 1.08) | 0.95 | (0.85, 1.07) |
| Child's Age | 0.98 | (0.95, 1.00) | 0.97 | (0.94, 1.00) | 1.01 | (0.99, 1.02) | 1.01 | (0.99, 1.02) | 1.00 | (0.98, 1.01) | 1.00 | (0.98, 1.01) |
| Number of Siblings | 0.86 | (0.75, 0.98) | 0.84 | (0.74, 0.97) | 0.78 | (0.73, 0.83) | 0.76 | (0.72, 0.82) | 0.80 | (0.76, 0.85) | 0.79 | (0.74, 0.84) |
| Maternal Pre-Pregnancy BMIb | – | – – | 1.07 | (1.04, 1.09) | – | – – | 1.07 | (1.06, 1.09) | – | – – | 1.07 | (1.06, 1.09) |
| Survey Sample Control ECLS-B (vs. ECLS-K) | 1.61 | (1.21, 2.14) | 1.61 | (1.21, 2.15) | 1.47 | (1.24, 1.76) | 1.45 | (1.21, 1.73) | 1.51 | (1.30, 1.75) | 1.49 | (1.28, 1.73) |
| Observationsc | 3,100 | 14,500 | 17,600 | |||||||||
Notes: All regressions are weighted using ECLS-K and ECLS-B normalized sample weights; confidence interval estimates adjust for stratification and clustering in the sample designs. Those 95% confidence intervals that do not span 1.00 imply that the odds ratio is statistically significantly different from 1 at p < .05.
a
Includes white, black, Asian, Native American, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and multiracial who indicated that they were not Hispanic.
b
Mother's pre-pregnancy BMI is calculated from reported height and weight for the ECLS-B sample and is imputed for the ECLS-K sample.
c
All observations are rounded to comply with NCES disclosure guidelines.