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. 2014 Mar 12;31(3):659–678. doi: 10.1007/s10899-014-9455-4

Table 1.

Contingency table gender differences in gambling problems

Gambling category Male Female Total
Count (%a) Expected count Standardized residual Count (%a) Expected count Standardized residual
Non-gambling 669 (69.8) 707.4 −1.4 841 (77.4) 802.6 1.4 1,510
Non-problem gambling 205 (21.4) 194.4 0.8 210 (19.3) 220.6 −0.7 415
Low risk gambling 56 (5.8) 39.4 2.7* 28 (2.6) 44.6 −2.5* 84
Moderate risk gambling 24 (2.5) 14.5 2.5* 7 (0.6) 16.5 −2.3* 31
Problem gambling 4 (0.4) 2.3 1.1 1 (0.1) 2.7 −1.0 5
Total 958 (100) 1,087 (100) 2045b

* p < .05

aPercentages within gender (rounded)

bFour participants did not answer the gender item and therefore the total n here differs by four from the total n reported for the prevalence analysis in which gender was not taken into account