Table 2.
Results of t-test aimed on comparison of objective measures of sleepiness and sleep.
| Season | Winter either before or after treatment | Summer | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Condition | Before | After | Remission | |||
| Group | Patients | Controls | Patients | Controls | Patients | Controls |
| Latency to stage 1 sleep (SL), min, on 20-min interval of napping attempt and baseline sleep | ||||||
| Daytime | 17.4 ± 3.9 | 13.9 ± 5.3 | 15.3 ± 4.2 | 14.9 ± 4.8 | 14.1 ± 2.6 | 13.4 ± 4.7 |
| Nighttime | 14.2 ± 5.5 | 11.5 ± 4.0 | 13.4 ± 4.9 | 11.7 ± 4.0 | 12.6 ± 4.1 | 10.1 ± 5.4 |
| Baseline | 12.4 ± 7.7 | 9.4 ± 6.7 | 13.9 ± 6.0 | 6.3 ± 4.7 | 6.0 ± 5.9 | 2.8 ± 3.2 |
|
| ||||||
| Baseline sleep | ||||||
| TST, min | 483.5 ± 50.3∗ | 401.8 ± 68.0 | 469.9 ± 37.7 | 437.0 ± 36.5 | 478.8 ± 42.3∗ | 423.7 ± 47.6 |
| SL, min | 21.0 ± 23.3 | 9.4 ± 6.7 | 23.0 ± 17.5∗ | 6.3 ± 4.7 | 19.2 ± 17.4 | 12.0 ± 6.0 |
| Wake, min | 14.3 ± 5.4 | 21.6 ± 10.8 | 11.0 ± 6.6 | 8.5 ± 6.5 | 11.3 ± 2.9 | 36.2 ± 25.5 |
| Stage 1, % | 5.2 ± 1.4 | 7.2 ± 2.6 | 5.9 ± 1.6∗ | 3.6 ± 1.4 | 7.5 ± 3.8 | 5.8 ± 1.2 |
| Stage 2, % | 64.9 ± 6.0 | 60.9 ± 6.7 | 57.7 ± 6.1 | 64.5 ± 2.4 | 56.9 ± 9.5 | 59.9 ± 9.1 |
| SWS, % | 9.7 ± 4.9 | 14.8 ± 4.4 | 12.8 ± 4.4 | 12.6 ± 3.5 | 13.9 ± 9.8 | 15.1 ± 9.8 |
| REM, % | 20.2 ± 3.7 | 17.1 ± 3.8 | 23.6 ± 3.2∗ | 19.3 ± 2.4 | 21.7 ± 2.8 | 19.2 ± 4.9 |
| SE, % | 92.9 ± 5.5 | 92.5 ± 3.9 | 93.2 ± 3.1 | 96.7 ± 1.9 | 95.5 ± 2.1∗ | 89.7 ± 5.2 |
Notes. SL: Latency to onset of stage 1 sleep; Daytime: mean SL for 5 naps scheduled at 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, and 18:00; Nighttime: mean SL for 4 naps at 23:00, 1:00, 3:00, and 5:00; Baseline: SL on the first 20-min interval of Baseline night sleep (light off at 23:00). See also Figure 1. Wake: wake time after sleep onset; sleep stages are given as percentage to Total Sleep Time (TST); SWS: slow wave sleep (stages 3 and 4 sleep); REM: Rapid Eye Movement sleep; SE: sleep efficiency expressed as percentage of sleep time in total bed time (i.e., TST plus total wake time). Level of significance for difference between patients and controls: ∗(p < 0.05).