Table 1. The characteristics of three treatment procedures for immature root formation.

Procedure	Characteristic
Apexification with calcium hydroxide	Long time span of the entire treatment
	Multiple visits
	Increased risk of tooth fracture due to long-term application of Ca(OH)2
Apexification with MTA	One- or two-step apexification
	Neither strengthens the root nor promotes further root development
	Roots remain thin and fragile
Revascularization	Promotes further root development
	Causes reinforcement of dentinal walls by deposition of hard tissue (strengthening the root against fracture)

MTA, mineral trioxide aggregate.