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. 2015 Aug 13;5:13020. doi: 10.1038/srep13020

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Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Actual rates are based on all registered singleton births in England for stillbirth (n = 10,291,113) and all singleton live-births for the other outcomes (n = 10,238,950). Counterfactual rates are model-predicted rates based on a complete case scenario but without impact of smoke-free legislation (n = 9,984,278 for stillbirth, n = 9,933,349 for other outcomes). Only outcomes where smoke-free legislation had a significant impact are shown. A: low birth weight; B: stillbirth; C: neonatal mortality. Models are adjusted for non-linear underlying time trends, seasonality, maternal age, maternal marital status, sex, socioeconomic status, region, and urbanisation level and based on complete cases. Mortality models are also adjusted for birth weight. Dotted line represents introduction of smoke-free legislation. Note different scales on Y-axis.