Table 1.
Pharmacogenetics and highly active antiretroviral therapy toxicity
| ARVs | Polymorphisms | Effects |
| NRTIs | ||
| Abacavir (ABC) | HLA-B*5701 | Hypersensitivity Reaction Syndrome |
| Tenofovir (TDF) | ABCC2-MRP2 (1249G > A) | Increased risk of tubulopathy |
| Lamivudine (3TC) | MRP4 4131T > G | Increased plasma concentrations |
| Zidovudine (AZT) | MRP4 3724 G > A | Increased plasma concentrations |
| Didanosine (ddI) | CFTR 1717-1G > A, | Higher risk of pancreatitis |
| IV585T, | ||
| Didanosine (ddI), Zalcitabine (ddC), Stavudine (d4T) | SPINK-1 112C > T | Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, Peripheral Neuropathy |
| MTND1 LHON4216C, | ||
| MTND2 LHON4917G | ||
| NNRTIs | ||
| Nevirapine (NVP) | HLA-B*58:01, *15:02, *35:05 | Cutaneous rash, SJS/TEN |
| ABCC10rs2125739, CYP2B6 516G > T | Increased plasma concentration, hepatotoxicity | |
| Reduced risk of hepatotoxicity | ||
| Efavirenz (EFV) | MDR1 3435C > T | Higher plasma concentrations, SNC side effects |
| CYP2B6 G516T, T983C | ||
| PIs | ||
| Atazanavir (ATV) | UGT1A1*28, MDR1 3435C/C | Hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice |
| All PIs | TNF gene 238G > A | Early onset of lypodistrophy |
| APOA5 (1131T > C, 64G > C), | High risk of dyslipidemia | |
| APOC3 (482C > T, 455C > T, 3238C > G) | ||
| ABCA1 2962A > G | ||
| APOE (ε2, ε3 haplotypes) | ||
| Others | ||
| Maraviroc (MVC) | SLC01B1 521T > C (rs4149056) | Increased plasma concentrations |
| Raltegravir (RAL) | UGT1A1*28 | Increased plasma concentrations |