TABLE 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of the Study Population (n = 185)
| Characteristics | Baseline, n(%) | Follow-up, n(%) |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic factors | ||
| Age in years (mean ± SD) | 15.9 ± 1.7 | 20.5 ± 1.5 |
| Male gender | 106 (57%) | — |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 140 (76%) | — |
| African-American, non-Hispanic | 19 (10%) | — |
| Hispanic | 18 (10%) | — |
| Other | 8 (4%) | — |
| Insurance status | ||
| Has private health insurance | 158 (86%) | 154 (83%) |
| Medicaid/Medicare/Other | 23 (12%) | 23(13%) |
| Uninsured | 4 (2%) | 8 (4%) |
| Highest parental education | ||
| ≤ High school | 33 (18%) | — |
| Some college | 47 (26%) | — |
| ≥ Bachelor’s degree | 104 (57%) | — |
| Disease factors | ||
| Age at diagnosis, y, mean ± SD | 15.0 ± 1.8 | — |
| Diabetes duration at baseline visit, mo, mean ± SD | 11.2 ± 6.9 | — |
| Time between visits, mo,a mean ± SD | 55.5 ± 16.2 | |
| Have a comorbidityb | 50 (27%) | 56 (30%) |
| Hemoglobin A1c, %, mean ± SD | 7.49 ± 1.74 | 9.21 ± 2.37 |
| Poor glycemic controlc | 20 (11%) | 84 (45%) |
| Care factors | ||
| Leave pediatrics by last follow-up visitd | ||
| Overall | 106 (57%) | |
| Age 18–20 at follow-up | 58/123 (47%) | |
| Age 21 and over at follow-up | 48/62 (77%) |
Denominators are sometimes less than 185 because of missing data. —, item not measured at the follow-up visit.
a
Time between visits: average time (in months) elapsed between baseline and follow-up visits.
b
Have a medical comorbidity: Presence of at least one of the following physician-diagnosed conditions (as reported by study participants): asthma, polycystic ovarian disease, kidney disease, celiac disease, or hypertension.
c
Poor glycemic control: hemoglobin A1c ≥9.0%
d
Leave pediatrics by follow-up: participant reporting that primary diabetes provider is an adult-trained physician at the last follow-up visit.