Table 2.
Macronutrient intake among adults aged ≥20 years by awareness of diabetes, NHANES 2005-2010
| Diabetes |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male |
Female |
|||
| Aware | Unaware | Aware | Unaware | |
| Participants [n (%)] | 400 (65.0) | 192 (35.0) | 412 (78.4) | 118 (21.6) |
| Total energy (kcal) | 2,167 ± 66 | 2,329 ± 94 | 1,621 ± 43 | 1,553 ± 61 |
| Fiber (g)a | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 7.6 ± 0.3 | 9.0 ± 0.3 | 9.1 ± 0.6 |
| Sugar (g) | 86.8* ± 4.4 | 116.8 ± 6.1 | 79.1* ± 3.8 | 95.7 ± 5.9 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 235.0* ± 7.8 | 262.1 ± 11.3 | 188.1 ± 5.9 | 193.8 ± 11.2 |
| % of total kcal | 44.6 ± 0.8 | 46.1 ± 0.9 | 48.3 ± 0.8 | 51.0 ± 1.5 |
| Protein (g) | 92.3* ± 3.4 | 89.7 ± 44.1 | 67.4* ± 1.8 | 56.6 ± 2.5 |
| % of total kcal | 17.5* ± 0.3 | 16.0 ± 0.3 | 17.6* ± 0.5 | 15.6 ± 0.6 |
| Total fat (g) | 89.0 ± 3.8 | 92.3 ± 5.8 | 62.7 ± 2.5 | 57.0 ± 2.8 |
| % of total kcal | 36.4 ± 0.6 | 35.6 ± 0.9 | 34.9 ± 0.7 | 34.0 ± 1.2 |
| Saturated fat (g) | 27.7 ± 1.3 | 31.3 ± 2.6 | 20.3 ± 1.0 | 19.5 ± 1.2 |
| % of total kcal | 11.4 ± 0.3 | 11.9 ± 0.5 | 11.3 ± 0.4 | 11.6 ± 0.6 |
| Monounsaturated fat (g) | 33.5 ± 1.6 | 34.1 ± 2.2 | 23.3 ± 1.0 | 20.1 ± 1.1 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g) | 20.0 ± 1.1 | 18.6 ± 1.2 | 13.6 ± 0.5 | 12.5 ± 0.8 |
| Total cholesterol (mg) | 341.1 ± 18.3 | 339.8 ± 24.5 | 250.4* ± 11.8 | 187.0 ± 13.9 |
Data are mean ± SE unless otherwise indicated. Means are adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, BMI, education level, smoking status, and family history of diabetes, stratified by sex.
a
The ADA recommendation for diabetes management and diabetes prevention among people with prediabetes who are obese is 14 g/1,000 kcal daily.
*
P < 0.05 comparing aware vs. unaware within sex.