Table 2.

Medications reported to increase pulsatile aqueous outflow.

Receptor class	Onset (minutes)	Mechanisms of action suggested in literature.
Adrenergic	5	Aqueous pulse waves may face a reduced pressure head or “afterload” when precapillary arterioles constrict reducing volume of blood flow through capillary beds thus reducing flow and pressure head in episcleral veins.
Muscarinic	5–20	Ciliary muscle contraction rotates scleral spur, Schlemm’s canal enlarges, trabecular meshwork spaces enlarge, trabecular meshwork under greater tension may distend and recoil more forcefully in response to ocular transients.
Prostaglandin	20–30	Vasorelaxation of choroidal vasculature may result in an increased volume of blood entering the choroid during systole thus causing a larger pulse amplitude.