Table 3.

Time in EM use at baseline and post-intervention, adjusted difference and effect sizes for electronic media use outcomes

Outcome measure (mins/day)	Baseline (M, 95 % CI)		Post-intervention (M, 95 % CI)		Adjusted differencea (M, 95 % CI)	Effect Size (Cohen’s d)b	Bias corrected (Hedges g)
	Control	Intervention	Control	Intervention
Total EM use	97.1 (61.5, 132.8)	117.8 (74.0, 161.6)	100.1 (64.1, 136.1)	78.8 (44.7, 112.8)	−31.2 (−71.0, 8.6)	0.70	0.39
TV/DVD/Video/computer/ sed e-games combined	90.0 (56.9, 123.1)	104.4 (60.3, 148.4)	87.4 (50.5, 124.3)	68.1 (38.6, 97.7)	−24.5 (−62.9, 13.8)	0.57	0.32
Television viewing	78.4 (45.5, 111.3)	60.0 (26.0, 94.0)	74.6 (43.6, 106.7)	49.7 (21.3, 78.1)	−16.1 (−50.5, 18.4)	0.42	0.23
DVD/Video viewing	7.1 (−4.1, 18.4)	44.4 (13.5, 75.3)	7.5 (−4.9, 19.9)	18.4 (−2.7, 39.5)	−14.2 (−34.1, 5.6)	0.64	0.36
Educational computer use	3.8 (−1.3, 8.8)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	5.3 (−2.7, 13.2)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	−0.5 (−4.4, 3.5)	0.10	0.06
Computer for entertainment	0.8 (−0.9, 2.4)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	-	-
Sedentary e-games (e.g. PlayStation)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	-	-
Active e-games (e.g. Wii)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	3.8 (−4.7, 12.2)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	−3.8 (−10.9, 3.4)	0.47	0.27
Digital tablet	4.5 (−1.7, 10.7)	8.1 (−5.6, 21.8)	4.1 (−1.3, 9.6)	6.3 (−7.5, 20.0)	−1.0 (−8.4, 6.3)	0.13	0.07
Handheld e-game	2.6 (−2.4, 7.7)	4.1 (−1.6, 9.8)	4.9 (−4.4, 14.2)	3.1 (−2.4, 8.7)	−3.7 (−6.8, −0.7)	1.09	0.62
Electronic toy	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	1.3 (−0.86, 3.4)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	1.3 (−8.6, 3.4)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	-	-

^aAdjusted for group and baseline value of outcome variable

^bEffect sizes calculated using centred means of baseline carried forward values where data were missing