Table 4.
Baseline and post-intervention, adjusted difference and effect sizes for potential mediators outcomes
| Outcome variable | Baseline (M, 95 % CI) | Post-intervention (M, 95 % CI) | Adjusted group mean difference* (M, 95 % CI) | Effect Size (Cohen’s d) | Bias corrected (Hedges’ g) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | ||||
| Amount of time parent believes is acceptable for EM use (mins/day) | 81.0 (48.9, 113.1) | 84.0 (49.2, 118.8) | 66.0 (43.8, 88.2) | 70.9 (48.3, 93.5) | 4.9 (−21.0, 30.7) | 0.17 | 0.09 |
| Weekly frequency young child watches TV/DVD/videos to settle for bed (days/week) | 1.9 (0.0, 3.7) | 3.0 (0.7, 5.2) | 2.3 (17.6, 4.3) | 2.6 (0.5, 4.7) | −0.6 (−2.0, 0.8) | 0.39 | 0.22 |
| Parent feels they can support active opportunities (possible range 0–4)# | 3.2 (2.7, 3.7) | 3.5 (3.3, 3.7) | 3.4 (3.0, 3.8) | 3.6 (3.3, 3.8) | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.1) | 0.36 | 0.20 |
| Parent believes it is important to participate in activities together (possible range 0–4)# | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.1) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.1) | 0.0 (−0.5, 0.5) | 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Parental self-efficacy to limit child’s EM use (possible range 0–4)# | 2.4 (2.0, 2.8) | 2.5 (2.0, 3.1) | 2.6 (2.2, 3.0) | 2.8 (2.4, 3.3) | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.5) | 0.31 | 0.17 |
| Parental beliefs about influence of EM use on health, developmental and behavioural outcomes (possible range 0–4)^ | 2.1 (1.7, 2.4) | 2.0 (1.7, 2.4) | 2.2 (1.9, 2.5) | 2.4 (2.1, 2.8) | 0.3 (−0.2, 0.7) | 0.55 | 0.31 |
| Child’s opportunity to participate in EM use (possible range 0–4)~ | 1.5 (1.3, 1.7) | 1.7 (1.5, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.6) | 1.6 (1.4, 1.8) | 0.0 (−0.2, 0.2) | 0.12 | 0.07 |
| activPAL™ | |||||||
| Percent of time sitting | 54.4 (47.7, 61.2) | 54.2 (48.9, 49.5) | 54.8 (45.5, 64.0) | 54.1 (49.7, 58.5) | 1.0 (−7.7, 9.7) | 0.11 | 0.06 |
| Percent of time standing | 30.3 (25.0, 35.5) | 30.7 (27.0, 34.3) | 30.8 (21.5, 40.1) | 30.3 (27.8, 32.7) | 1.6 (−6.9, 10.1) | 0.18 | 0.10 |
| Percent of time stepping | 15.3 (13.2, 17.4) | 15.2 (11.8, 18.7) | 14.5 (11.0, 17.9) | 15.7 (11.8, 19.6) | 1.3 (−2.6, 5.3) | 0.31 | 0.18 |
#higher values indicate more favourable outcomes; ^ higher values indicate parental knowledge consistent with evidence; ~ lower values represent more restricted opportunities