Table 3.

Mean Weighted Effect Sizes for Cognitive Differences Between Patients with First-Episode Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia

Test	Study N	FEBP	HC	D	95 % CI	Z	P	Q test (P)	τ 2	I 2	Fail safe N
Premorbid	7	412	316	0.50	0.30–0.69	4.97	<.001	0.15	0.03	36.8	61
IQ	6	318	215	0.63	0.36–0.91	4.49	<.001	0.05	0.06	67.9	59
PS	6	413	266	0.33	0.08–0.59	2.59	.009	0.03	0.06	58.9	21
TMT A	3	197	131	0.45	0.23–0.68	3.91	<.001
TMT B	3	197	131	0.47	0.14–0.80	2.76	.006
Digit symbol	3	254	196	0.71	0.36–1.06	4.01	<.001
Fluency	7	510	355	0.50	0.33–0.66	5.93	<.001	0.26	0.01	22.0	80
Letter	5	300	242	0.42	0.24–0.60	4.66	<.001
Category	3	182	146	0.77	0.0–1.53	1.98	.05
Verbal memory	7	458	374	0.47	0.28–0.65	4.97	<.001	0.13	0.02	39.5	69
Learninga	5	356	282	0.59	0.40–0.78	5.95	<.001
Recalla	5	356	282	0.38	0.20–0.55	4.30	<.001
Reasoning	2	121	97	0.23	−0.09 to 0.56	1.42	.16	0.24	0.01	26.3
WM	8	456	318	0.35	0.11–0.59	2.84	.005	0.02	0.07	59.2	35
Verbal WM	8	456	318	0.33	0.08–0.57	2.60	.009
Digit span F	4	251	184	0.18	−0.03 to 0.38	1.70	.09
Digit span B	6	319	217	0.13	−0.04 to 0.31	1.48	.14
Visual memory	4	243	163	0.28	−0.05 to 0.60	1.68	.09	0.05	0.06	66.2	4
Attention	2	68	33	0.05	−0.38 to 0.47	0.56	.83	0.62	0	0
Global	14	822	605	0.28	0.12–0.44	3.54	<.001	0.02	0.04	48.8	74

D, Cohen’s D, FEBP, first-episode bipolar disorder; HC, healthy controls, PS, processing speed; TMT, trail making test; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; WM, working memory.

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