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Single-molecule mechanical unfolding and refolding experiments. A) Laser tweezers set-up, in which a single-stranded RNA containing a TERRA-4G sequence is sandwiched by two DNA–RNA hybrid handles attached to two optically trapped beads. Inset shows the structure of carboxypyridostatin (cPDS). B) Typical F–X curves show different rupture forces for the G-quadruplexes bound to the small molecule cPDS, the antibody, or both. Inset shows a blown-up region of the rupture event.
