Table 1.
Modifiable Risk Factors for Peyronie’s Disease
Acute penile trauma or microtrauma |
Penile / genital trauma from urologic procedures (e.g. Foley catheterization, cystoscopy, transurethral resection of the prostate, radical prostatectomy) |
History of nongonococcal urethritis |
History of inflammatory diseases or fibromatous lesions of the genital tract in sexual partner(s) |
Smoking |
Hypogonadism |
?Diabetes |
?Hypertension and other cardiovascular disease risk factors |
?Alcohol use |