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. 2015 Aug 13;10(8):e0135633. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135633

Fig 7. Schematic for the representation of molecular pathways involved in HIV-1 Vpr mediated induction of IL-6 and IL-8 in astrocytes.

Fig 7

HIV-1 Vpr activates PI3K/Akt, p38-MAPK and Jnk-MAPK related signaling pathways in SVGA astrocytes. These signaling molecules lead to the activation of transcription factors NF-κB, C/EBP-δ and AP-1, which bind to the IL-6 and IL-8 promoter and induce their expression in astrocytes. Blue lines represent pathway for IL-6, while yellow lines depict the pathway for IL-8.