Table 3.
Results from multiple regression analyses showing the relationships between duration of abstinence and beliefs about smoking.
| Dependent measures | Survey items | Fn | Days quit (fn) | Days quit (fn) squared | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef. | 95% CI | p value | Coef. | 95% CI | p value | |||
| Urges to smoke | Frequency of strong urges to smoke | Log | −0.85 | −0.90– −0.81 | <0.001 | |||
| Reasons for relapse | ||||||||
| Perceived benefits of smoking | Smoking calms you down when you are stressed | Log | −0.21 | −0.26– −0.16 | <0.001 | |||
| Enjoy smoking too much to give it up for good | Log | −0.26 | −0.30– −0.22 | <0.001 | ||||
| Smoking is an important part of your life | Log | −0.24 | −0.29– −0.19 | <0.001 | ||||
| Smoking helps control weight | Log | 0.14 | 0.08–0.19 | <0.001 | ||||
| Sq Root | 0.01 | 0.007–0.015 | <0.001 | |||||
| Thoughts about the enjoyment of smoking | Log | 0.18 | −0.05–0.41 | 0.12 | −0.21 | −0.27– −0.15 | <0.001 | |
| Sq Root | −0.08 | −0.09– −0.06 | <0.001 | 0.0008 | 0.0004–0.0013 | <0.001 | ||
| Reasons for staying quit | ||||||||
| Perceived costs of smoking | Thoughts about the harm of smoking (to you and to others)** | Log | −0.09 | −0.33–0.15 | 0.47 | −0.07 | −0.13– −0.01 | <0.05 |
| Thoughts about the money spent on smoking* | Log | 0.26 | −0.01–0.53 | 0.06 | −0.16 | −0.23– −0.08 | <0.001 | |
| Sq Root | −0.026 | −0.030– −0.021 | 0.001 | |||||
| Perceived benefits of quitting | Chance of getting heart disease in the future vs. a non-smoker? | Log | 0.28 | 0.21–0.35 | <0.001 | |||
| Quality of life compared to when smoking | Log | 0.26 | 0.22–0.31 | <0.001 | ||||
| Benefits of continuing not to smoke | Log | 0.003 | −0.05–0.05 | 0.92 | ||||
| Abstinence self-efficacy | How sure are you that you will succeed in quitting?** | Log | 0.16 | −0.03–0.36 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.03–0.13 | <0.01 |
Notes: Models adjusted for age, sex, and country. For each dependent variable, results from one of two models are presented: models with a duration of abstinence term or models including both a duration of abstinence term and a squared duration of abstinence term. Results from quadratic models were only reported if the squared duration of abstinence coefficient was significant. P-values for non-significant quadratic models ranged from 0.093 to 0.805.
Only the linear trend was significant when duration of abstinence was expressed on a square root scale.
GEE analysis found a significant linear trend, but not a significant quadratic trend.