. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Alzheimers Dement. 2015 Feb 13;11(11):1377–1384. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.11.007

Table 4.

The Associations of Cognitive and Physical Activity with Risk of Incident Cognitive Impairment

Variable	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
CA	0.54 (0.29–0.99)^b		0.62 (0.34–1.12)
PA		0.39 (0.22–0.67)^a	0.41 (0.24–0.71)^a
Low CA, No PA				1.00 (Ref.)
Low CA, Any PA				0.52 (0.29–0.93)^b
High CA, No PA				0.94 (0.45–1.95)
High CA, Any PA				0.20 (0.07–0.52)^a
Age¹	1.06 (1.02–1.11)^a	1.07 (1.02–1.11)^a	1.06 (1.02–1.10)^a	1.06 (1.02–1.10)^a
Gender (Female vs. Male)	1.64 (0.89–3.02)	1.35 (0.81–2.26)	1.51 (0.81–2.78)	1.53 (0.83–2.82)
Education (≤ HS vs. > HS)	0.87 (0.51–1.50)	0.82 (0.48–1.40)	0.88 (0.51–1.52)	0.86 (0.50–1.49)
Race (Non-white vs. White)	1.09 (0.38–3.10)	–	1.06 (0.37–3.03)	1.06 (0.37–3.02)
MMSE Score	0.81 (0.72–0.92)^a	0.77 (0.68–0.88)^a	0.78 (0.69–0.89)^a	0.79 (0.69–0.90)^a
Depression Symptoms (0 vs. ≥ 1)	0.94 (0.50–1.77)	–	0.95 (0.50–1.80)	0.95 (0.50–1.79)
Self-rated Health (poor/fair/good vs. very good/excellent)	0.67 (0.39–1.14)	0.68 (0.40–1.15)	0.70 (0.41–1.20)	0.72 (0.42–1.23)
Prescription Medications (0–3 vs. ≥ 4)	1.22 (0.74–2.01)	1.22 (0.74–2.01)	1.15 (0.69–1.89)	1.17 (0.71–1.93)
Waist-to-hip Ratio	2.67 (0.10–68.16)	-	1.87 (0.07–46.67)	1.97 (0.08–49.69)

Centered at mean age (= 78);

p < 0.01;

p < 0.05

Note: All of the models were fitted by interval-censored survival models which were adjusted for age, gender, education, and significant covariates.