Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of TD and RAD groups.
| Measures |
Group |
Statistics |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TD | RAD | F-value | p-Value | |||
| Subjects (n) | 22 | 21 | ||||
| Age (years) | 12.95 | (2.15) | 12.76 | (1.89) | 0.10 | .76 |
| Gender (%, female/male) | 55/45 | 62/38 | (Fisher) | .76 | ||
| Handedness (%, left/right) | 0/100 | 0/100 | (Fisher) | − | ||
| Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children | ||||||
| Full scale IQa | 101.14 | (8.39) | 92.14 | (10.92) | 8.78 | <.01 |
| Depression self-rating scale for childrenb | 8.00 | (4.45) | 14.71 | (8.44) | 9.86 | <.01 |
| Trauma symptom checklist for children | ||||||
| Anxiety | 39.27 | (4.82) | 46.95 | (14.21) | 6.14 | <.05 |
| Depression | 37.77 | (3.02) | 45.00 | (11.72) | 8.80 | <.01 |
| Anger | 36.95 | (2.42) | 43.10 | (8.95) | 8.93 | <.01 |
| Post-trauma stress | 37.50 | (3.33) | 45.76 | (11.60) | 10.53 | <.01 |
| Dissociation | 37.68 | (2.75) | 46.29 | (11.94) | 11.34 | <.01 |
| Sexual concerns | 38.91 | (2.47) | 40.71 | (7.97) | 1.32 | .26 |
| Strengths and difficulties questionnaire | ||||||
| Internalising problems | 2.00 | (1.72) | 5.24 | (3.33) | 15.72 | <.001 |
| Externalising problems | 4.05 | (2.06) | 7.00 | (3.67) | 12.13 | <.01 |
| Prosocial | 6.05 | (2.52) | 5.38 | (2.33) | 1.08 | .30 |
| ADHD rating scalec | ||||||
| Total | 2.23 | (2.29) | 9.45 | (9.66) | 10.86 | <.01 |
| Inattentive | 1.77 | (1.72) | 6.95 | (6.42) | 12.64 | <.01 |
| Hyperactive/impulsive | 0.45 | (0.96) | 2.50 | (4.02) | 4.83 | <.05 |
| Autism spectrum quotientd | ||||||
| Total | 12.32 | (4.77) | 16.95 | (7.05) | 7.28 | <.05 |
| Social skills | 3.50 | (2.48) | 3.47 | (2.63) | <.01 | .97 |
| Attention switching | 2.05 | (1.05) | 3.89 | (1.79) | 15.61 | <.001 |
| Attention to detail | 3.41 | (1.92) | 3.37 | (2.17) | <.01 | .99 |
| Communication | 1.23 | (1.45) | 3.00 | (2.62) | 9.98 | <.01 |
| Imagination | 2.14 | (1.46) | 3.21 | (1.91) | 3.84 | .06 |
| Maltreatment type (n) | ||||||
| Emotional abuse | − | 11 | ||||
| Neglect | − | 15 | ||||
| Physical abuse | − | 7 | ||||
| Sexual abuse | − | 2 | ||||
Numbers in parentheses represent standard deviations. Group differences were tested using ANCOVA with age and gender as covariates. aFull scale IQ data were based on WISC (n = 42) and WAIS (n = 1). Some subjects' data were not available due to missing values in specific questionnaires: bDepression self-rating scale (TD, 1 subject), cADHD rating scale (RAD, 1 subject), and dautism spectrum quotient (RAD, 2 subjects).