Table 3.
Numbers of Incident Comorbidities, Stratified by Cohorta
| Comorbidities Among Cohort Participants | Hypertension IR (95% CI) | Liver Disease IR (95% CI) | Diabetes Mellitus IR (95% CI) | Kidney Disease IR (95% CI) | Cardiovasc. Disease IR (95% CI) | Stroke IR (95% CI) | Multimorbidity IR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CoLaus nonsmoking | 26 (22–30) | 15 (13–18) | 8.5 (6.8–11) | 8.2 (6.6–10) | 3.5 (2.6–4.9) | 1.4 (0.81–2.3) | 23 (20–26) |
| CoLaus smoking | 31 (28–35) | 13 (11–15) | 13 (11–15) | 9.0 (7.5–11) | 7.0 (5.7–8.4) | 1.9 (1.4–2.8) | 32 (29–35) |
| SHCS nonsmoking | 49 (42–56) | 29 (25–34) | 6.0 (4.3–8.3) | 13 (10–16) | 2.6 (1.6–4.3) | 1.1 (0.54–2.4) | 30 (26–35) |
| SHCS smoking | 47 (41–52) | 26 (23–30) | 5.6 (4.3–7.1) | 11 (8.8–13) | 5.2 (4.0–6.7) | 2.0 (1.3–3.0) | 38 (25–31) |
| Unadjusted poisson regression | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) |
| CoLaus nonsmoking | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| CoLaus smoking | 1.2 (0.98–1.4) | 0.84 (0.67–1.1) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 1.1 (0.82–1.4) | 2.0 (1.1–2.9) | 1.4 (0.75–2.7) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) |
| SHCS nonsmoking | 1.9 (1.5–2.3) | 1.9 (1.5–2.4) | 0.71 (0.47–1.0) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 0.74 (0.41–1.3) | 0.82 (0.33–2.0) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) |
| SHCS smoking | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | 0.66 (0.47–0.91) | 1.3 (0.96–1.7) | 1.5 (0.96–2.2) | 1.4 (0.74–2.8) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) |
| Adjusted poisson regressionb | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) |
| CoLaus nonsmokingc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| CoLaus smoking | 1.1 (0.92–1.4) | 0.84 (0.67–1.1) | 1.4 (1.0–1.8) | 1.2 (0.89–1.6) | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | 1.3 (0.71–2.6) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) |
| SHCS nonsmoking | 1.9 (1.5–2.4) | 1.9 (1.5–2.4) | 0.81 (0.54–1.2) | 2.8 (2.0–4.0) | 0.83 (0.45–1.5) | 1.1 (0.44–3.0) | 1.7 (1.1–2.1) |
| SHCS smoking | 2.0 (1.6–2.4) | 1.7 (1.4–2.2) | 0.93 (0.65–1.3) | 2.6 (1.9–3.5) | 2.0 (1.2–3.1) | 2.3 (1.1–4.9) | 1.9 (1.5–2.3) |
| Female sex | 0.65 (0.56–0.76) | 1.1 (0.91–1.3) | 0.52 (0.41–0.67) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 0.44 (0.31–0.61) | 0.72 (0.42–1.2) | 0.70 (0.55–0.88) |
| Age group, 50–65yd | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 0.82 (0.69–0.97) | 2.1 (1.6–2.6) | 3.0 (2.3–3.8) | 4.61 (2.8–5.9) | 5.0 (2.5–9.7) | 1.8 (1.43–2.2) |
| Age group, +65ye | 2.4 (2.0–3.0) | 0.32 (0.22–0.47) | 2.4 (1.8–3.3) | 6.7 (5.0–8.9) | 10 (6.9–16) | 14 (6.6–28) | 2.6 (1.9–3.5) |
| Normal weighte | 1.1 (0.75–1.7) | 1.1 (0.68–1.9) | 3.4 (0.47–25) | 0.68 (0.39–1.2) | 1.4 (0.44–4.4) | 0.56 (0.17–1.8) | 1.6 (0.69–3.5) |
| Overweighte | 1.8 (1.1–2.7) | 1.6 (0.93–2.6) | 10 (1.4–74) | 0.82 (0.47–1.4) | 1.4 (0.43–4.4) | 0.58 (0.17–2.0) | 2.2 (0.97–5.0) |
| Obesee | 2.5 (1.6–4.0) | 2.1 (1.2–3.6) | 25 (3.4–178) | 1.0 (0.55–1.8) | 2.2 (0.68–7.3) | 0.73 (0.20–2.7) | 3.4 (1.5–7.9) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CoLaus, Cohorte Lausannoise; IR, incidence rate per 1000 person years of follow-up; IRR, incidence rate ratio; SHCS, Swiss HIV Cohort Study; y, year old.
a Unadjusted and adjusted results of poisson regression analyses with smoking as an interaction term.
b Poisson regression models were adjusted for all variables listed.
c Reference group: nonsmoking participants from CoLaus.
d Reference group: 35- to 49-year-old participants.
e Reference group: underweight participants.