Figure 1. Methods.

(a) Participants were given a 2 g choline bitartrate or placebo supplement and assessed for their mood and arousal (MA), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) after arrival at the lab, and right before and after the visuomotor task. Pupil size (P) was also measured at a 20 minute interval before the task and 30 minute interval after the task. Participants were allowed to consume one piece of fruit 30 minutes after supplementation and the visuomotor task was performed 40 minutes later. (b) During the task, participants had to move a mouse cursor and hit the center of a target as fast as possible (within one second) to accumulate scores for their accuracy and reaction time across trials. Scores were based on the hit distance to the target’s center and reaction times. (c) Pupil size was extracted from recorded images by determining the median radius of the pupil’s border (see white circle) from the center.