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. 2015 Sep;29(8):727–736. doi: 10.1177/0269216315576309

Table 3.

Factors associated with daily rate of ED use in the last year of life in the dementia cohort as estimated from a flexible parametric proportional hazards model (N = 5261).

Hazard ratio 95% CI p value
Age at death (years)
 <60 1.20 0.95–1.51 0.126
 60–69 1.01 0.86–1.17 0.883
 70–79 1.07 099–1.15 0.080
 80–89 1 Ref
 90–99 0.87 0.82–0.92 <0.001
 ⩾100 0.71 0.55–0.89 0.003
Sex
 Female 1 Ref
 Male 1.16 1.10–1.23 <0.001
Marital status
 Non-partnered/unknown 1 Ref
 Partnered 1.10 1.0–1.2 0.001
Type of dementia
 Alzheimer’s dementia 1 Ref
 Vascular dementia 1.08 0.98–1.19 0.105
 Dementia in other diseases 1.28 1.10–1.49 0.002
 Dementia unspecified 1.18 1.10–1.25 <0.001
Residential care statea
 Regular care not in a care facility
 Regular care in a care facility See Figure 3 and text
 Community-based palliative care
ARIA+
 Major cities 1 ref
 Inner regional 1.03 0.95–1.11 0.417
 Outer regional 1.23 1.13–1.36 <0.001
 Remote 1.30 1.07–1.57 0.008
 Very remote 0.95 0.74–1.21 0.663
Year of death
 2009 1 Ref
 2010 0.95 0.90–0.99 0.027
Number of previous ED visits in year 1.12 1.07–1.16 <0.001
Comorbidity in last year of life (yes/no)b
 Peptic ulcer disease 1.62 1.36–1.92 <0.001
 Malignancies 1.66 1.49–1.83 <0.001
 Hypertension 2.63 2.00–3.45 <0.001
 Chronic pulmonary disease 1.51 1.33–1.71 <0.001

ED: emergency department; CI: confidence interval; ARIA: Accessibility and Remoteness Index of Australia.

a

Showed non-proportional hazards over last year of life and was entered as an interaction with time (see Figure 3 and text in ‘Results’ section).

b

Only comorbidities with a hazard ratio greater than 1.5 were included in final regression model.