Table 3.
Hazard ratio | 95% CI | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age at death (years) | |||
<60 | 1.20 | 0.95–1.51 | 0.126 |
60–69 | 1.01 | 0.86–1.17 | 0.883 |
70–79 | 1.07 | 099–1.15 | 0.080 |
80–89 | 1 | Ref | |
90–99 | 0.87 | 0.82–0.92 | <0.001 |
⩾100 | 0.71 | 0.55–0.89 | 0.003 |
Sex | |||
Female | 1 | Ref | |
Male | 1.16 | 1.10–1.23 | <0.001 |
Marital status | |||
Non-partnered/unknown | 1 | Ref | |
Partnered | 1.10 | 1.0–1.2 | 0.001 |
Type of dementia | |||
Alzheimer’s dementia | 1 | Ref | |
Vascular dementia | 1.08 | 0.98–1.19 | 0.105 |
Dementia in other diseases | 1.28 | 1.10–1.49 | 0.002 |
Dementia unspecified | 1.18 | 1.10–1.25 | <0.001 |
Residential care statea | |||
Regular care not in a care facility | |||
Regular care in a care facility | See Figure 3 and text | ||
Community-based palliative care | |||
ARIA+ | |||
Major cities | 1 | ref | |
Inner regional | 1.03 | 0.95–1.11 | 0.417 |
Outer regional | 1.23 | 1.13–1.36 | <0.001 |
Remote | 1.30 | 1.07–1.57 | 0.008 |
Very remote | 0.95 | 0.74–1.21 | 0.663 |
Year of death | |||
2009 | 1 | Ref | |
2010 | 0.95 | 0.90–0.99 | 0.027 |
Number of previous ED visits in year | 1.12 | 1.07–1.16 | <0.001 |
Comorbidity in last year of life (yes/no)b | |||
Peptic ulcer disease | 1.62 | 1.36–1.92 | <0.001 |
Malignancies | 1.66 | 1.49–1.83 | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 2.63 | 2.00–3.45 | <0.001 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.51 | 1.33–1.71 | <0.001 |
ED: emergency department; CI: confidence interval; ARIA: Accessibility and Remoteness Index of Australia.
Showed non-proportional hazards over last year of life and was entered as an interaction with time (see Figure 3 and text in ‘Results’ section).
Only comorbidities with a hazard ratio greater than 1.5 were included in final regression model.