Table 3.
Experimental disease models responding to therapy targeting HMGB1
| Experimental model | Mode of therapeutic HMGB1 targeting (references) |
|---|---|
| Endotoxemia | ■ Neutralizing polyclonal anti-HMGB1 antibodies (2, 31) |
| ■ Thrombomodulin-mediated inactivation (31, 32) | |
| ■ Decreased release due to nuclear retention (35, 36) | |
| Sepsis induced by lethal peritonitis | ■ Neutralizing monoclonal anti-HMGB1 antibodies (9) |
| ■ Neutralizing polyclonal anti-HMGB1 antibodies (37, 38) | |
| ■ The antagonist HMGB1 A box peptide (37) | |
| ■ Blockade of HMGB1-RAGE signaling (39) | |
| ■ Neutralization by polyspecific intravenous IgG (40) | |
| ■ Polymyxin B filter therapy (42) | |
| ■ Decreased release due to nuclear retention (35, 36, 43–47) | |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | ■ Neutralizing polyclonal anti-HMGB1 antibodies (49, 50) |
| ■ Decreased release due to nuclear retention (52, 53) | |
| Pancreatitis | ■ Neutralizing polyclonal anti-HMGB1 antibodies (58) |
| ■ The antagonist HMGB1 A box peptide (57) | |
| ■ Decreased release due to nuclear retention (56) | |
| Respiratory disorders | ■ Neutralizing polyclonal anti-HMGB1 antibodies (60, 61, 64, 67, 132) |
| ■ The antagonist HMGB1 A box peptide (62) | |
| ■ Thrombomodulin-mediated inactivation (145) | |
| ■ Polymyxin B filter therapy (59) | |
| Arthritis | ■ Neutralizing polyclonal anti-HMGB1 antibodies (67, 74) |
| ■ The antagonist HMGB1 A box peptide (74) | |
| ■ Neutralization by thrombomodulin (75) | |
| ■ Blockade of HMGB1-RAGE signaling (76) | |
| ■ Decreased release due to nuclear retention (46, 77, 78) | |
| Hemorrhagic shock | ■ Neutralization by anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (51, 61) |
| ■ Decreased release due to nuclear retention (89, 146) | |
| Stroke | ■ Neutralizing monoclonal anti-HMGB1 antibodies (100) |
| ■ Neutralizing polyclonal anti-HMGB1 antibodies (101) | |
| ■ The antagonist HMGB1 A box peptide (101) | |
| Myocardial infarction | ■ The antagonist HMGB1 A box peptide (103) |
| Transplantation | ■ The antagonist HMGB1 A box peptide (119) |
| Ischemia-reperfusion injury | ■ Neutralizing polyclonal anti-HMGB1 antibodies (26) |
| ■ The antagonist HMGB1 A box peptide (103) | |
| ■ Decreased release due to nuclear retention (114, 115, 116) |