TABLE 6.
Intake Above the UL for Micronutrients in Children With ASDs Compared With WWEIA 2001–2002
| Nutrient | Age Range (y)a | ASD (% >UL) | WWEIA (%>UL) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium | 1–3 | 0.1 | <3 |
| 4–8 | 0.1 | <3 | |
| 9–13 | 0.2 | NA | |
| Copper | 1–3 | 13.0 | 15 |
| 4–8 | 0.0 | <3 | |
| 9–13 | 0.0 | <3 | |
| Folic Acid | 1–3 | 7.3 | 5 |
| (Synthetic) | 4–8 | 7.3 | 4* |
| 9–13 | 3.1 | <3 | |
| Iron | 1–3 | 0.0 | <3 |
| 4–8 | 0.1 | <3 | |
| 9–13 | 0.0 | <3 | |
| Manganese | 1–3 | 39.9 | NA |
| 4–8 | 20.3 | NA | |
| 9–13 | 2.5 | NA | |
| Phosphorus | 1–3 | 0.0 | <3 |
| 4–8 | 0.0 | <3 | |
| 9–13 | 0.0 | <3 | |
| Selenium | 1–3 | 7.1 | 8 |
| 4–8 | 0.4 | <3 | |
| 9–13 | 0.0 | <3 | |
| Sodium | 1–3 | 65.1 | 83*** |
| 4–8 | 70.6 | 94*** | |
| 9–13 | 86.7 | >97*** | |
| Vitamin A | 1–3 | 29.8 | 12*** |
| (Retinol) | 4–8 | 9.0 | <3*** |
| 9–13 | 0.2 | <3 | |
| Vitamin B6 | 1–3 | 0.0 | <3 |
| 4–8 | 0.0 | <3 | |
| 9–13 | 0.0 | <3 | |
| Vitamin C | 1–3 | 0.7 | <3 |
| 4–8 | 0.0 | <3 | |
| 9–13 | 0.0 | <3 | |
| Vitamin D | 1–3 | 0.0 | NA |
| 4–8 | 0.0 | NA | |
| 9–13 | 0.0 | NA | |
| Zinc | 1–3 | 40.9 | 69*** |
| 4–8 | 13.0 | 22** | |
| 9–13 | 0.1 | <3 |
NA, not applicable. *P = .04; **P ≤ .01; ***P < .001.
a
Nine through 11 years age category includes boys only because there were too few girls in this age category for analysis.