Table 1.
Overview of the variables, measures and instruments used in the patient self-completed questionnaire
| Section | Themes | Instruments, details |
|---|---|---|
| Primary outcomes: processes and outcomes quality of care indicators | ||
| Diabetes management | Receipt of recommended processes-of-care | 1) Past 12 months: HbA1C check, blood pressure measurement, weight measurement, lipid profile, diabetic foot examination, urine test for microalbuminuria, eye examination by ophtalmologist, influenza vaccination |
| 2) Anytime: physical activity recommendations, diet recommendations | ||
| HbA1C | Last HbA1C value | |
| Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and Quality of life (QoL) | Generic HRQoL | SF-12 [15] |
| Diabetes-specific QoL | ADDQoL [16] | |
| Patient assessment of chronic care | Congruency of care with the Chronic Care Model (CCM) | PACIC [17, 18] |
| Exposure variables | ||
| Programme cantonal Diabètea | Knowledge of/participation in PcD activities/projects | |
| Other variables of interest | ||
| Diabetes | Characteristics of the disease | Type of diabetes, disease duration, treatment (drugs) |
| Diabetes-related complications | List of following complications: ischemic heart diseases, stroke, retinopathy, chronic kidney disease (CKD) without dialysis, CKD with dialysis or kidney transplant, neuropathy, foot ulcer, lower limb amputation, severe hypo- or hyperglycemia | |
| Diabetes management | Medication adherence | Morisky Medication Adherence Questionnaire [19] |
| Health services utilisation | Ambulatory care visits, emergency visits, hospitalisation | Utilisation during past 12 months |
| Home care services, domestic home support | Received help during past 12 months | |
| Foregoing care because of costs | Foregoing care during past 12 months | |
| Health status and health habits | Anthropometric values | Weight, height |
| Smoking | Smoking status, duration of smoking, smoking products, average number of cigarettes smoked per day, medical advice on smoking cessation | |
| Alcohol consumption | AUDIT-C questionnaire [20] | |
| Physical activity levels | Questions from the Swiss Health Survey [21] | |
| Depression screening | Two validated questions for the screening of depression [22] | |
| Comorbidities | List of following chronic diseases: heart disease (heart failure, valve disease, heart muscle disease), chronic lung disease (asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema), osteoporosis, osteoarthritis or arthritis; cancer or malignancy or lymphoma (with the exception of skin cancer), gastric or duodenal ulcer, depression, Parkinson disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, other chronic condition | |
| Self-management activities and support | Home glucose self-monitoring | |
| HbA1C knowledge | ||
| Participation in diabetes education courses | ||
| Membership in the local diabetes association | ||
| Knowledge and use of the “Diabetes Passport”b | ||
| “Self-efficacy” | Level of easiness/difficulty to manage diabetes generally, and regarding physical activity, diet, and medication | |
| Level and source of information about diabetes | ||
| Support and satisfaction from healthcare team and social network | ||
| Diabetes care satisfaction and recommandation of their care to others | ||
| Socio-demographics | Characteristics of the participants | Age, gender |
| Socio-economic status | Marital status, family size, household income, education, employment, insurance status, place of residence, nationality |
HRQoL health-related quality of life, SF-12 short form-12 Health Survey, ADDQoL audit of diabetes-dependent quality of life 19, CCM chronic care model, PACIC patient assessment of chronic illness care
aSince the 2012 recruitment
bA small booklet with data, information and reminders