Table 2.

Clinical, Serologic, and Histologic Characteristics by Ethnicity

	Caucasian	Asian	P-value
n	6	23
Age at diagnosis, years, Mean (SD)	36.2 (14.3)	54.9 (15.2)	.013
Female gender, no. (%)	5/6 (83%)	18/23 (78%)	.79
Concomitant autoimmune disease, no. (%)	2/6 (33%)	5/23 (22%)	.55
ALT, IU/L, Mean (SD)	1137.5 (525.0)	409.7	.033
AST, IU/L, Mean (SD)	1285.3 (883.8)	337.4	.008
Total bilirubin, mg/dL, Mean (SD)	6.6 (7.6)	6.2 (13.1)	.95
INR, Mean (SD)	1.4 (0.1)	1.1 (0.0)	.067
Albumin, g/dL, Mean (SD)	3.7 (0.4)	4.3 (0.3)	.004
GGT, IU/L, Mean (SD)	230.0 (199.3)	65.1 (78.0)	.011
ANA positive, no. (%)	2/5 (40%)	14/15 (93%)	.004
SMA positive, no. (%)	2/4 (50%)	6/11 (54%)	.88
Histology consistent with AIH, no. (%)	4/4 (100%)	12/14 (85%)	.42
Cirrhosis present on biopsy, no. (%)	2/4 (50%)	6/16 (37%)	.92
Presentation, no. (%)			.185
Acute	2/5 (40%)	4/17 (23%)
Insidious	3/5 (60%)	7/17 (41%)
Asymptomatic	0/5 (0%)	6/17 (35%)
Treatment response, no. (%)			.014
Complete remission	3/6 (50%)	19/23 (82%)
Partial remission	1/6 (16%)	4/23 (17%)
No remission	2/6 (33%)	0/23 (0%)

Abbreviations: standard deviation (SD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), International normalized ratio (INR), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), smooth muscle antibody (SMA), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).

The three patients whose ethnicities were not identified as Caucasian or Asian were excluded from this analysis. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the differences in the means of continuous variables, and chi-squared tests were used to test differences between categorical variables.