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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 14.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2012 Jul;24(4):401–407. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e328353372d

Table 1.

Animal models of myocarditisa

CVB3-only model Hybrid-CVB3 model EAM
Survival 20–30% by day 7 pi 100% to day 90 pi 100% to day 90 pi
Viral replication d7 pi 107–109 PFU/g heart 105 PFU/g heart 0
Acute myocarditis Peak @ day 7 pi Peak @ day 10 pi Peak @ day 21
Severity of myocarditis 5–10% inflammation 30–60% inflammation 30–60% inflammation
Key cell mediators γδT & CD8+ T cells Macrophages Macrophages
DCM Few survive Yes Yes
Sex differences Males > females Males > females Males > females
a

Abbreviations: CVB3, coxsackievirus B3; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; EAM, experimental autoimmune myocarditis; PFU, plaque forming units; pi, post infection or post inoculation;