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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 14.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2012 Jul;24(4):401–407. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e328353372d

Table 2.

Role of Th immune responses in animal models of myocarditisa

CVB3-only model Hybrid-CVB3 model EAM
Role of IFN-α (Th1) Inhibits viral replication ND ND
Role of IFN-β (Th1) Inhibits viral replication Inhibits viral replication Prevents DCM ND
Role of IFN-γ (Th1) Inhibits viral replication Inhibits viral replication Prevents DCM Prevents DCM
Role of IL-4 (Th2) Prevents myocarditis Increases DCM Increases DCM
Role of IL-33 (Th2) ND Increases DCM ND
Role of IL-23 (p40) Increases myocarditis No effect on myocarditis Increases EAM
Role of IL-17 (Th17) Increases myocarditis ND No effect on EAM
Increases DCM
a

Abbreviations: CVB3, coxsackievirus B3; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; EAM, experimental autoimmune myocarditis; IL, interleukin; ND, not done; Th, T helper type immune response; IFN, interferon