Table III.
Associations of Each Sociodemographic Variable With Stress and Distress for Mothers and Children
| Outcome measure | Single mothers M (SD) | Partnered mothers M (SD) | t (df) | d | Race: non-White M (SD) | Race: White M (SD) | t (df) | d | Family income (ρ) | Mothers’ education (r) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depressive symptoms | ||||||||||
| BDI-II (mother self-report) | 17.4 (11.3) | 14.4 (10.2) | 2.16* (306) | .28 | 15.0 (10.1) | 15.2 (10.6) | .17 (308) | −.02 | −.21** | −.24*** |
| YSR (child self-report) | 57.2 (7.6) | 54.2 (4.9) | 2.47* (143) | .47 | 55.1 (6.7) | 54.8 (6.4) | .14 (145) | .05 | −.20* | −.06 |
| CBCL (mother report on child) | 57.5 (7.8) | 56.1 (6.9) | 1.43 (302) | .19 | 56.1 (6.8) | 56.6 (7.2) | −.43 (304) | −.07 | −.16** | −.03 |
| PTSS | ||||||||||
| IES-R (mother) | 33.8 (19.4) | 27.8 (16.8) | 2.60** (309) | .33 | 30.4 (17.9) | 29.1 (17.6) | −.47 (311) | .07 | −.15* | −.17** |
| IES-R (child self-report) | 29.7 (13.8) | 21.4 (15.5) | 2.39* (101) | .57 | 29.3 (8.5) | 22.5 (15.9) | 1.51* (103) | .53 | −.17 | −.12 |
| Stress | ||||||||||
| PSS (mother self-report) | 22.2 (6.8) | 20.9 (7.1) | 1.49 (311) | .19 | 21.3 (6.7) | 21.2 (7.1) | −.07 (313) | .01 | −.17** | −.19** |
| RSQ (mother self-report) | 30.5 (6.0) | 28.7 (6.9) | 2.09* (310) | .28 | 29.4 (7.3) | 29.2 (6.7) | −.24 (312) | .03 | −.12* | −.15** |
| RSQ (child self-report) | 28.2 (7.7) | 25.7 (8.1) | 1.57 (146) | .32 | 31.2 (5.6) | 25.8 (8.1) | 2.63* (148) | .78 | −.09 | −.03 |
| RSQ (mother report on child) | 28.3 (6.8) | 26.6 (7.0) | 1.86 (311) | .25 | 27.3 (7.6) | 27.0 (6.9) | .24 (313) | .04 | −.07 | −.10 |
Note. *p < .05; **p < .01 ***p < .001.
M = mean; SD = standard deviation; df = degrees of freedom.
N = 318 for mother reports; N = 151 for child self-reports. See Table II for definitions of measure abbreviations.