Fig 4. Response of calves to anxiety tests at approx. 40–41 d of age.

n = 22 Individual, 13 Early Pair, 9 Group. (a) Latency to touch a novel object was lowest in group-housed calves at approx. 40 d of age. Values are medians with interquartile ranges (maximum value of 10 min assigned to calves who did not make contact). ** indicates a treatment that significantly differs from the others at P<0.05. (b) Latency of calves to touch a familiar human in a handling test was higher in group-housed than in individually housed calves at approximately 41 d of age. Values are means + SE (maximum value of 90 s assigned to calves who did not make contact). Treatments that do not have the same letter differ from each other at P<0.05.