Table 1. Selected characteristics of studies examining psychological treatments of depression in older adults.
| Age | Recr | Diagn | Conditions | N | For-mat | Nsess | Quality a) | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alexopoulos, 2011 | ≥ 59 | Comm | MDD | 1. PST 2. Supportive |
110 111 |
Ind | 12 | − + + + | US |
| Alexopoulos, 2003 | ≥ 65 | Clin | MDD | 1. PST 2. Supportive |
12 13 |
Ind | 12 | − − + + | US |
| Arean, 2010 | ≥ 65 | Comm | MDD | 1. PST 2. Supportive |
90 97 |
Ind | 12 | + + + + | US |
| Arean, 1993 | ≥ 55 | Comm | MDD | 1. PST 2. Life review 3. WL |
19 28 20 |
Grp | 12 | − − + − | US |
| Burns, 2007 | ≥ 65 | Other | Cut-off | 1. OthTher 2. CAU |
50 54 |
Ind | 6 | + + + + | UK |
| Chan, 2013 | ≥ 60 | Comm | Cut-off | 1. Life review 2. CAU |
14 12 |
Ind | 5 | + − + + | Singap |
| Choi, 2013 | ≥ 50 | Other | Cut-off | 1. Tele- PST 2. PST 3. Telecare |
42 43 36 |
Ind | 6 | − − − + | US |
| Ekkers, 2011 | ≥ 65 | Clin | MDD | 1. CBT 2. CAU |
53 34 |
Grp | 7 | + + + + | NL |
| Floyd, 2004 | ≥ 60 | Comm | Mood | 1. CBT - gsh 2. CBT - ind 3. WL |
13 8 14 |
GshInd | 416 | − − − − | US |
| Fry, 1983 | 65-82 | Other | Cut-off | 1. Life rev - struct 2. Life rev - unstruct 3. Other control |
54 54 54 |
Ind | 5 | − − + − | US |
| Gallagher, 1982 | ≥ 55 | Comm | MDD | 1. CBT 2. BAT 3. DYN |
10 10 10 |
Ind | 16 | − − + − | US |
| Gitlin, 2013 | ≥ 55 | Comm | Cut-off | 1. Multicomponent 2. Waiting list |
106 102 |
Ind | 10 | + + + + | US |
| Haringsma, 2005 | 55-85 | Comm | Subclin | 1. CBT 2. WL |
52 58 |
Grp | 10 | − − + + | NL |
| Hautzinger, 2008 | ≥ 65 | Comm | Cut-off | 1. CBT - ind 2. Supportive - ind 3. CBT - grp 4. Supportive – grp |
24 25 34 26 |
Ind Ind Grp Grp |
15 | − − + + | GER |
| Hautzinger, 2004 | ≥ 60 | Comm | Mood | 1. CBT 2. WL |
55 30 |
Grp | 12 | + + + + | GER |
| Heckman, 2011 | ≥ 50 | Comm | Cut-off | 1. Coping ther 2. Supportive 3. OthCtr |
104 105 86 |
Grp | 12 | + + + + | US |
| Joling, 2011 | ≥ 75 | Other | Cut-off | 1. CBT 2. CAU |
86 84 |
Gsh | 3 | + + + + | NL |
| Kiosses, 2010 | ≥ 65 | Comm | MDD | 1. PST 2. Supportive |
13 12 |
Ind | 12 | − − − + | US |
| Korte, 2012 | ≥ 55 | Comm | Cut-off | 1. Life review 2. CAU |
100 102 |
Grp | 8 | + + + + | NL |
| Laidlaw, 2008 | ≥ 60 | Clin | MDD | 1. CBT 2. CAU |
20 20 |
Ind | 8 | + + + − | UK |
| Lamers, 2010 | ≥ 60 | Other | Mood | 1. CBT 2. CAU |
111 125 |
Ind | 6 | + + + + | NL |
| Landreville, 1997 | ≥ 55 | Comm | Cut-off | 1. CBT 2. WL |
10 13 |
Gsh | 4 | − − + − | Canada |
| Lynch, 2003 | ≥ 60 | Clin | MDD | 1. Dialect beh + PHA 2. PHA (protocol) |
15 16 |
Grp | 56 | − − − − | US |
| Mossey, 1996 | ≥ 60 | Other | Subclin | 1. IPT 2. CAU |
31 38 |
Ind | 10 | − − + − | US |
| Pot, 2010 | ≥ 50 | Comm | Subclin | 1. Life review 2. OthCtr |
83 88 |
Grp | 12 | − + + + | NL |
| Preschl, 2012 | ≥ 65 | Comm | Cut-off | 1. Life review 2. WL |
20 16 |
Ind | 8 | + − + + | Switz |
| Reynolds, 1999 | ≥ 50 | Comm | MDD | 1. IPT + PHA (TCA) 2. PHA 3. IPT + Placebo 4. Placebo |
16 25 17 22 |
Ind | 16 | − − + + | US |
| Scogin, 1987 | ≥ 60 | Comm | Cut-off | 1. CBT 2. WL 3. Attention-control |
9 8 8 |
Gsh | 4 | − − − − | US |
| Scogin, 1989 | ≥ 60 | Comm | Cut-off | 1. CBT – cwd 2. CBT – ct 3. WL |
19 21 21 |
Gsh | 4 | − − − − | US |
| Serfaty, 2009 | ≥ 65 | Comm | Mood | 1. CBT 2. Talking control 3. CAU |
64 58 55 |
Ind | 12 | + + + + | UK |
| Serrano, 2004 | 65-93 | Other | Cut-off | 1. Life review 2. CAU |
20 23 |
Ind | 4 | − − + − | Spain |
| Serrano, 2012 | 64-83 | Clin | MDD | 1. Life review 2. Other control |
9 8 |
Ind | 6 | − − + + | Spain |
| Sirey, 2005 | 65-85 | Clin | MDD | 1. OthTher + PHA 2. PHA |
21 24 |
Ind | 5 | − − + + | US |
| Sloane, 1985 | M = 64.4 | Other | MDD | 1. IPT 2. PHA 3. Placebo |
19 10 14 |
Ind | 6 | − − + − | US |
| Snarksi, 2011 | ≥ 65 | Clin | Cut-off | 1. BAT 2. CAU |
16 13 |
Ind | 8 | − − + + | US |
| Spek, 2007 | 50-75 | Comm | Subclin | 1. CBT 2. iCBT (unguided) 3. WL |
102 99 100 |
Grp | 10 | + + + + | NL |
| Teri, 1997 | M = 76.4 | Other | Cut-off | 1. PST 2. BAT 3. CAU 4. WL |
23 19 10 20 |
Ind | 9 | − − + − | US |
| Thompson, 1987 | ≥ 60 | Comm | MDD | 1. CBT 2. BAT 3. DYN |
14 6 9 |
Ind | 18 | − − − − | US |
| hompson, 1984 | ≥ 60 | Other | MDD | 1. CBT 2. BAT 3. DYN |
21 17 20 |
Ind | 18 | − − − − | US |
| Thompson, 2001 | ≥ 60 | Comm | MDD | 1. PHA (TCA) 2. CBT 3. CBT + PHA |
33 31 36 |
Ind | 18 | − − − + | US |
| Van Schaik, 2006 | ≥ 55 | Clin | MDD | 1. IPT 2. CAU |
69 74 |
Ind | 10 | + + + + | NL |
| Watt, 2000 | ≥ 60 | Comm | Cut-off | 1. Life rev – integr 2. Life rev – instr 3. Other control |
9 9 9 |
Grp | 6 | − − + − | Canada |
| Williams, 2000 | ≥ 60 | Comm | Mood | 1. PHA (SSRI) 2. PST 3. Placebo |
106 113 119 |
Ind | 6 | + + + + | US |
| Wuthrich, 2013 | ≥ 60 | Comm | Cut-off | 1. CBT 2. Waiting list |
27 35 |
Grp | 12 | + − + + | Austra-lia |
In this column a positive (+), or negative (-)sign is given for four quality criteria, respectively: allocation sequence; concealment of allocation to conditions; blinding of assessors; and intention-to-treat analyses
Abbreviations: BAT: behavioral activation therapy; CAU: care-as-usual; CBT: cognitive behavior therapy; Clin: clinical; Comm: community; Cwd: Coping with Depression course; Diagn: diagnosis; Dialect beh: dialectic behavior therapy; DYN: psychodynamic therapy; GER: Germany; Grp: group; Gsh: guided self-help; iCBT: Internet-based CBT; Ind: individual; Instr: instrumental; Integr: integrated; IPT: interpersonal psychotherapy; Life rev: life review; MDD: major depressive disorder; Mood: mood disorder; NL: Netherlands; Nsess: number of sessions; OthCtr: Other control group; OthTher: other type of therapy; PHA: pharmacotherapy; PST: problem-solving therapy; Recr: recruitment; Singap: Singapore; Struct: structured; Switz: Switzerland; Ther: therapy; UK: United Kingdom; Unstruct: unstructured; US: United States; WL: waiting list.