Table 2.

Extent and Intensity of Intraprostatic Inflammation in Men without Clinical Indication for Biopsy and Negative for Prostate Cancer by Tertile of Serum PSA Concentration at Biopsy, Placebo Arm, Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial

	Tertile of Serum PSA Concentration at Biopsy (ng/mL)
										P- Trend*
	1 (>0 to ≤0.8)			2 (>0.8 to ≤1.5)			3 (>1.5 to <4.0)
	Mean	Median	IQR**	Mean	Median	IQR**	Mean	Median	IQR**
N		77			71			76
Extent measured as the percentage of tissue area with total inflammation***
Mean %	6.83	2(0–7.5)		9.19	5 (0.67–9.0)		15.09	9.5(2.5–24.5)		< 0.0001
Maximum %	9.99	3(0–10.0)		14.24	7(2.0–15.0)		20.80	13.0(5.0–32.5)		< 0.0001
Extent measured using a consensus scoring system****
Mean score for acute inflammation
Intraepithelial	0.01	0(0-0)		0.04	0(0-0)		0.11	0(0-0)		0.06
Luminal	0.03	0(0-0)		0.03	0(0-0)		0.13	0(0-0)		0.007
Stromal	0.00	0(0-0)		0.05	0(0-0)		0.05	0(0-0)		0.2
Maximum score for acute inflammation
Intraepithelial	0.03	0(0-0)		0.07	0(0-0)		0.14	0(0-0)		0.06
Luminal	0.05	0(0-0)		0.04	0(0-0)		0.21	0(0-0)		0.007
Stromal	0.00	0(0-0)		0.10	0(0-0)		0.05	0(0-0)		0.2
Mean score for chronic inflammation
Intraepithelial	0.55	0(0–1)		0.71	0.5(0–1)		1.00	1(0–1.5)		0.002
Luminal	0.04	0(0-0)		0.03	0(0-0)		0.08	0(0-0)		0.7
Stromal	1.24	1(0–2)		1.40	1(0.5–2)		1.93	2(0.5–3)		0.001
Maximum score for chronic inflammation
Intraepithelial	0.84	0(0–1)		1.13	1(0–2)		1.38	1(0–2)		0.003
Luminal	0.08	0(0-0)		0.06	0(0-0)		0.11	0(0-0)		0.7
Stromal	1.70	1(0–3)		1.92	1(1–3)		2.50	2.5(1–4)		0.001
Intensity measured using a consensus scoring system****
Mean score for acute inflammation
Intraepithelial	0.01	0(0-0)		0.04	0(0-0)		0.13	0(0-0)		0.06
Luminal	0.04	0(0-0)		0.03	0(0-0)		0.17	0(0-0)		0.007
Stromal	0.00	0(0-0)		0.07	0(0-0)		0.05	0(0-0)		0.2
Maximum score for acute inflammation
Intraepithelial	0.03	0(0-0)		0.08	0(0-0)		0.18	0(0-0)		0.06
Luminal	0.08	0(0-0)		0.04	0(0-0)		0.30	0(0-0)		0.007
Stromal	0.00	0(0-0)		0.14	0(0-0)		0.07	0(0-0)		0.2
Mean score for chronic inflammation
Intraepithelial	0.87	0(0–1)		1.03	0.5(0–1)		1.38	1(0–2)		0.006
Luminal	0.04	0(0-0)		0.04	0(0-0)		0.09	0(0-0)		0.6
Stromal	2.05	1(0–3.5)		2.18	1.5(0.5–3)		2.98	2.75(1–4.25)		0.002
Maximum score for chronic inflammation
Intraepithelial	1.39	0(0–2)		1.65	1(0–2)		1.95	1(0–3)		0.009
Luminal	0.08	0(0-0)		0.07	0(0-0)		0.12	0(0-0)		0.7
Stromal	2.87	1(0–6)		3.11	2(1–5)		3.97	4(1–6)		0.003

^*Cuzick test for trend

^**25 to 75th percentile

^***For each man, a mean of 3 biopsy cores was reviewed, one or more of which were mounted per slide. The mean or maximum of each man’s slides was used in the analysis. Possible range is 0 to 100%.

^****Using a slight modification of the method described by Nickel et al.¹⁶ Possible scores for extent: 0=none, 1=mild (<10% of tissue area involved by inflammatory cells), 2=multifocal (≥10% but <50%), 3=diffuse (≥50%). Possible range for extent is 0 to 3. Possible scores for grade: 1=mild, 2=moderate, and 3=severe. Possible range for intensity is 0 to 9.