Table 3.
Weighted mean differences of 3 adiposity measurements by supplementation with vitamin D alone compared with placebo or vitamin D plus calcium compared with control groups (placebo or calcium)
| Supplement | No. of studies (treatment/control) | Mean difference (95%CI) | P value for mean difference | P value for heterogeneity, chi-squared | I2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D alone vs placebo | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 11 (1123/991) | −0.06 (−0.14 to 0.03) | 0.20 | 0.79 | 0 |
| Weight (kg) | 8 (889/766) | −0.05 (−0.32 to 0.23) | 0.74 | 0.99 | 0 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 5 (479/378) | −0.43 (−1.69 to 0.84) | 0.51 | <0.001 | 81.2 |
| Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 7 (1290/978) | 0.02 (−0.11 to 0.14) | 0.80 | 0.88 | 0 |
| Weight (kg) | 8 (1380/1073) | 0.12 (−0.24 to 0.49) | 0.51 | 0.80 | 0 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 5 (790/665) | 0.12 (−0.22 to 0.45) | 0.50 | 0.42 | 0 |
| Vitamin D alone vs placebo and vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18 (2413/1969) | −0.03 (−0.10 to 0.04) | 0.36 | 0.92 | 0 |
| Weight (kg) | 16 (2269/1839) | 0.01 (−0.21 to 0.23) | 0.90 | 0.99 | 0 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 10 (1251/1043) | −0.03 (−0.63 to 0.57) | 0.92 | <0.001 | 69.9 |
| Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 6 (744/643) | −0.03 (−0.13 to 0.08) | 0.65 | 0.02 | 64 |
| Weight (kg) with WHIa | 5 (18 732/18 623) | −0.13 (−0.21 to −0.05) | 0.001 | 0.85 | 0 |
| Weight (kg) without WHIa | 4 (591/482) | −0.19 (−0.88 to 0.49) | 0.58 | 0.71 | 0 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 3 (405/280) | 0.67 (−0.33 to 1.66) | 0.19 | 0.83 | 0 |
aCaan et al. (2007),23 the Women’s Health Initiative Calcium/Vitamin D Supplemental Trial, 36 184 participants, 7 years, 400 IU vitamin D3 plus 1000 mg of calcium daily.