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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 14.
Published in final edited form as: Dig Liver Dis. 2014 Sep 29;47(1):62–67. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.09.002

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

PPAR over-expression in CCA cell lines. (A) The steady-state levels of mRNA encoding PPAR in a panel of human normal cholangiocytes (H69) and human CCA cell lines were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. (B) PPAR protein levels in human normal cholangiocytes (H69) and human CCA cell lines were determined by western blotting. (C) PPAR protein levels in human normal bile duct and CCA (20×). (D) Overexpressed PPAR and PPAR ligand GW501516 (GW) stimulated the proliferation of MZ-ChA-1 cells. Data represent mean ± SD of each group. (A, ***P < 0.001 compared to all other groups; D, *P < 0.05 between selected groups, **P < 0.01 between selected groups.) PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; CCA, cholangiocarcinoma.