Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 14.
Published in final edited form as: Dig Liver Dis. 2014 Sep 29;47(1):62–67. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.09.002

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

PPAR stimulates the proliferation of Human CCA cell lines. (A, B) Overexpressed PPAR and PPAR ligand GW501516 (GW) stimulated the proliferation of MZ-ChA-1 cells. Overexpressed NM23-H2 reduced the proliferation of MZ-ChA-1 cells; additionally, NM23-H2 silencing increased GW501516 induced cell proliferation. (C) The PPAR agonist GW501516 induced Akt phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner in MZ-ChA-1 cells and the activity of Akt was completely inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. (D) Overexpressed PPAR and its ligand GW501516 increased CDK2 protein levels in MZ-ChA-1 cells, as measured by immunoblotting. Data represent mean ± SD of each group. (A, B **P < 0.01 between selected groups.) PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; CCA, cholangiocarcinoma; NM23-H2, nucleoside diphosphate kinase alpha; Akt, protein Kinase B; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; CDK2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2.