Table 5.
Diagnostic yield of tuberculosis (TB) cases from different sample types and the proportion of diagnoses that could be made using Xpert testing of urine samples
| Sample | Number of TB diagnoses | Diagnostic yield, % (95 % CI) | Number diagnosed by urine Xpert | Proportion diagnosed by urine Xperta, % (95 % CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All clinical samples | 139 | 100 (97.4–100) | 89 | 64.0 (55.5–72.0) |
| Samples collected during the first 24 h of admission | ||||
| Urine | ||||
| Urine Xpert (unconcentrated) | 59 | 42.4 (34.1–51.1) | 59 | - |
| Urine Xpert (concentrated) | 82 | 59.0 (50.3–67.3) | 82 | - |
| Urine Xpert (either sample) | 89 | 64.0 (55.5–72.0) | 89 | - |
| Sputum | ||||
| Xpert (first sample only) | 37 | 26.6 (19.5–34.8) | 20 | 54.1 (36.9–70.5) |
| Xpert (either sample) | 39 | 28.1 (20.8–36.3) | 20 | 51.3 (34.8–67.6) |
| Sputum and urine | ||||
| Xpert (all samples) | 108 | 77.7 (69.8–84.3) | 89 | 82.4 (73.9–89.1) |
| All other samples collected during admission | ||||
| Sputum | ||||
| Xpert | 57 | 41.0 (32.7–49.7) | 30 | 52.6 (39.0–66.0) |
| Culture | 58 | 41.7 (33.4–50.4) | 33 | 56.9 (43.2–69.8) |
| Either culture or Xpert | 75 | 54.0 (453–62.4) | 42 | 56.0 (44.1–67.5) |
| Cultures of non-respiratory samples | ||||
| All non-respiratory samples | 70 | 50.3 (41.8–58.9) | 46 | 65.7 (53.4–76.7) |
| Blood | 41 | 29.5 (22.1–37.8) | 32 | 78.0 (62.4–89.4) |
| Pleural fluid | 13 | 9.4 (5.1–15.5) | 6 | 46.2 (19.2–74.9) |
| Urine | 11 | 7.9 (4.0–13.7) | 8 | 72.7 (39.0–94.0) |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | 8 | 5.8 (2.5–11.0) | 3 | 37.5 (8.5–75.5) |
| Lymph node fine needle aspirate (FNA) | 6 | 4.3 (1.6–9.2) | 4 | 66.7 (22.2–95.7) |
| Other | 5 | 3.6 (1.2–8.2) | 4 | 80.0 (28.4–99.5) |
aAny positive result from testing unconcentrated and concentrated samples