Table 2.
Bivariate associations between the perceived quality of interpersonal relations and the explanatory variables
| Variable | ANC (N = 388) | Delivery (N = 203) | PNC (N = 230) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean | p-value | N | Mean | p-value | N | Mean | p-value | |
| Age | 0.128 | 0.609 | 0.970 | ||||||
| <20 | 91 | 8.84 | 41 | 8.95 | 47 | 8.97 | |||
| 20-29 | 205 | 9.07 | 118 | 9.02 | 132 | 8.94 | |||
| ≥30 | 92 | 9.14 | 44 | 9.17 | 51 | 8.91 | |||
| Marital status | 0.951 | 0.425 | 0.906 | ||||||
| Unmarried | 9 | 9.01 | 14 | 9.26 | 13 | 8.98 | |||
| Married | 379 | 9.03 | 189 | 9.03 | 217 | 8.94 | |||
| Religion | 0.918 | 0.615 | 0.499 | ||||||
| Non-Christian | 55 | 9.05 | 25 | 8.94 | 48 | 9.04 | |||
| Christian | 333 | 9.03 | 178 | 9.06 | 182 | 8.91 | |||
| Literacy | 0.002 | 0.249 | 0.391 | ||||||
| Illiterate | 131 | 8.80 | 69 | 8.92 | 89 | 8.85 | |||
| Literate | 257 | 9.15 | 134 | 9.10 | 141 | 8.99 | |||
| Wealth | 0.118 | 0.379 | 0.662 | ||||||
| 1 (poorest) | 98 | 8.91 | 51 | 8.93 | 58 | 8.77 | |||
| 2 | 97 | 8.99 | 54 | 9.17 | 57 | 8.99 | |||
| 3 | 96 | 9.26 | 48 | 9.17 | 58 | 8.95 | |||
| 4 (wealthiest) | 97 | 8.98 | 50 | 8.89 | 57 | 9.04 | |||
| Parity | 0.471 | 0.967 | 0.879 | ||||||
| 1 | 121 | 8.97 | 66 | 9.07 | 76 | 8.97 | |||
| 2 to 3 | 135 | 9.00 | 74 | 9.02 | 86 | 8.96 | |||
| >3 | 132 | 9.13 | 63 | 9.04 | 68 | 8.88 | |||
| Number of children | 0.228 | 0.859 | 0.526 | ||||||
| No child | 137 | 8.91 | NA | NA | |||||
| 1-3 children | 189 | 9.09 | 149 | 9.03 | 178 | 8.97 | |||
| >3 children | 62 | 9.14 | 54 | 9.06 | 52 | 8.84 | |||
| Miscarriage | 0.229 | 0.460 | 0.378 | ||||||
| No miscarriage | 333 | 9.06 | 180 | 9.02 | 198 | 8.97 | |||
| Had miscarriage | 55 | 8.87 | 23 | 9.20 | 32 | 8.76 | |||
| Still birth | 0.560 | 0.368 | 0.857 | ||||||
| No stillbirth | 371 | 9.04 | 197 | 9.05 | 221 | 8.94 | |||
| Had stillbirth | 17 | 8.88 | 6 | 8.66 | 9 | 8.87 | |||
| Premature birth | 0.947 | 0.920 | 0.164 | ||||||
| No premature birth | 365 | 9.03 | 191 | 9.04 | 215 | 8.91 | |||
| Had premature birth | 23 | 9.05 | 12 | 9.07 | 15 | 9.36 | |||
| Number of current ANC visit | 0.048 | NA | NA | ||||||
| First visit | 181 | 9.15 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| >1 visit | 207 | 8.93 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Method of delivery | NA | 0.046 | NA | ||||||
| Vaginal | NA | NA | 190 | 9.07 | NA | NA | |||
| C-section | NA | NA | 7 | 8.06 | NA | NA | |||
| Vacuum/forceps | NA | NA | 4 | 9.10 | NA | NA | |||
| Number of ANC visits, delivery | NA | 0.084 | NA | ||||||
| 0-3 ANC visits | NA | NA | 122 | 9.14 | NA | NA | |||
| >3 ANC visits | NA | NA | 80 | 8.88 | NA | NA | |||
| Length of stay before delivery | NA | 0.149 | NA | ||||||
| 0-2 days | NA | NA | 170 | 9.07 | NA | NA | |||
| ≥2 days | NA | NA | 33 | 9.03 | NA | NA | |||
| Length of stay after delivery | NA | 0.290 | NA | ||||||
| 0-1 day | NA | NA | 120 | 8.99 | NA | NA | |||
| ≥2 days | NA | NA | 83 | 9.29 | NA | NA | |||
| Mode of transportation | 0.043 | 0.798 | 0.177 | ||||||
| Walking | 232 | 8.94 | 66 | 8.98 | 154 | 9.01 | |||
| Motorized | 156 | 9.17 | 137 | 9.14 | 76 | 8.78 | |||
| Wait time | 0.613 | 0.143 | 0.902 | ||||||
| ≤1 hour | 298 | 9.05 | 181 | 9.08 | 179 | 8.93 | |||
| >1 hour | 90 | 8.98 | 22 | 8.73 | 51 | 8.96 | |||
| Self introduction by provider | 0.003 | 0.176 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Not done | 231 | 8.90 | 142 | 8.98 | 129 | 8.70 | |||
| Done | 157 | 9.23 | 61 | 9.20 | 101 | 9.24 | |||
| Explanation of exam procedures (ANC, n = 380; Delivery, n = 121; PNC, n = 168) | 0.003 | 0.991 | 0.029 | ||||||
| Not explained | 95 | 8.74 | 13 | 9.09 | 55 | 8.55 | |||
| Explained | 285 | 9.13 | 108 | 9.08 | 113 | 9.01 | |||
| Explanation of medicine purpose & how to take (ANC, n = 366; Delivery, n = 167; PNC, n = 108) | 0.009 | 0.273 | 0.014 | ||||||
| Not explained | 63 | 8.71 | 61 | 8.89 | 22 | 8.23 | |||
| Explained | 303 | 9.12 | 106 | 9.06 | 86 | 9.05 | |||
| Explanation of blood specimen purpose (ANC, n = 267; Delivery, n = 85; PNC, n = 53) | 0.012 | 0.098 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Not explained | 20 | 8.35 | 23 | 8.59 | 6 | 7.47 | |||
| Explained | 247 | 9.04 | 62 | 9.10 | 47 | 8.60 | |||
| Consent seeking (ANC, n = 384; Delivery, n = 201; PNC, n = 183) | 0.001 | 0.153 | 0.051 | ||||||
| Not Sought | 104 | 8.72 | 82 | 8.90 | 63 | 8.66 | |||
| Sought | 280 | 9.15 | 119 | 9.12 | 120 | 9.03 | |||
| Encouragement to ask questions | <0.001 | 0.018 | 0.096 | ||||||
| Not encouraged | 143 | 8.76 | 123 | 8.90 | 107 | 8.80 | |||
| Encouraged | 245 | 9.19 | 80 | 9.26 | 123 | 9.06 | |||
| Encouragement to have a guardian | 0.596 | 0.007 | 0.096 | ||||||
| Not encouraged | . | 9.00 | 101 | 8.84 | 130 | 8.82 | |||
| Encouraged | 208 | 9.06 | 102 | 9.24 | 100 | 9.09 | |||
| Confidentiality | 0.001 | 0.016 | 0.105 | ||||||
| Not Kept | 24 | 8.33 | 17 | 8.45 | 30 | 9.27 | |||
| Kept | 364 | 9.08 | 186 | 9.10 | 200 | 8.89 | |||
| Bp measurement ANC & PNC | 0.027 | NA | 0.982 | ||||||
| Not taken | 147 | 8.88 | NA | NA | 133 | 8.94 | |||
| Taken | 241 | 9.13 | NA | NA | 97 | 8.94 | |||
| Bp measurement before delivery | NA | 0.927 | NA | ||||||
| Not taken | NA | . | 76 | 9.05 | NA | NA | |||
| Taken | NA | NA | 127 | 9.04 | NA | NA | |||
| Bp measurement after delivery | NA | 0.156 | NA | ||||||
| Not taken | NA | NA | 113 | 9.13 | NA | NA | |||
| Taken | NA | NA | 87 | 8.92 | NA | NA | |||
| Baby Weight taken | NA | NA | 0.248 | ||||||
| Not taken | NA | NA | NA | NA | 52 | 9.11 | |||
| Taken | NA | NA | NA | NA | 178 | 8.89 | |||
NA in all field of a cell means that this variable does not apply for the respective service