Fig. 4.

a Box plot illustrating differences in flight durations between adults and juveniles for flights over the ocean and along the coast. The hollow squares and horizontal lines within each box represent the mean and median of the variable of interest, respectively. Hollow circles represent values lying outside 1.5 * the interquartile range. b Box plot illustrating difference in tailwind components experienced by juvenile and adult birds pooled across routes. c Scatter plot with curvilinear regression line and 95 % confidence interval illustrating relationship between flight duration and tailwind component. Squares and circles represent juvenile and adult birds, respectively, while grey and black points represent ocean and coastal routes, respectively. R² represents the marginal deviance explained. d Box plot illustrating difference in tailwind components experienced by birds over the ocean and along the coast