Table 3.

Racial/ethnic minorities, breast cancer, and coping: mixed methods studies 1980–2012 (N =1)

Author listed by year	Primary question	Types of methods	Sample sizes	Key findings
Levine et al., 2009 [80]	What are the racial/ethnic differences in use of prayer among breast cancer survivors? How is the use of prayer related to mood and quality of life?	Interviews measurements (No coping measure used)	Breast cancer patients: 44 African American, 54 Asian American, 25 Latina and 54 White	Eighty-one percent of the women prayed. There were no significant differences between the groups for any of the psychological, social support, or quality of life variables with the exception of higher benefit finding and spiritual well being among those who prayed. The data did show that women who prayed were able to find more positive contributions from their cancer experience than women who did not pray. The interviews showed that those who prayed tended to be African American or Asian, Catholic or Protestant.