Table 2.

Odds ratios of genotypes and alleles in different subgroups with idiopathic scoliosis (IS).

Subgroup	Gene, polymorphism	Genotype, allele	p value	OR [95% CI]
General (n = 90)	Leptin  rs7799039	AA vs. GG A vs. G	0.38 0.39	1.37 [0.68–2.76] 1.17 [0.82–1.67]
	BMP4  rs4898820	TT vs. GG T vs. G	0.62 0.58	1.21 [0.57–2.56] 1.11 [0.77–1.58]
AIS (n = 66)	Leptin  rs7799039	AA vs. GG A vs. G	0.38 0.40	1.41 [0.65–3.03] 1.19 [0.80–1.77]
	BMP4  rs4898820	TT vs. GG T vs. G	0.24 0.23	1.67 [0.70–3.98] 1.28 [0.85–1.91]
Familial history of IS (n = 25)	Leptin  rs7799039	AA vs. GG A vs. G	0.23 0.23	2.08 [0.61–7.06] 1.43 [0.79–2.60]
	BMP4  rs4898820	TT vs. GG T vs. G	0.19 0.15	3.42 [0.7–16.86] 1.57 [0.85–2.91]
Cobb angle >40° (n = 72)	Leptin  rs7799039	AA vs. GG A vs. G	0.63 0.65	1.20 [0.56–2.58] 1.09 [0.74–1.61]
	BMP4  rs4898820	TT vs. GG T vs. G	1 1	1.01 [0.46–2.26] 1.02 [0.69–1.50]
Thoracic scoliosis (n = 56)	Leptin  rs7799039	AA vs. GG A vs. G	0.86 1	1.07 [0.47–2.45] 1.02 [0.66–1.56]
	BMP4  rs4898820	TT vs. GG T vs. G	0.29 0.19	1.60 [0.67–3.82] 1.34 [0.86–2.07]
S-shaped scoliosis (n = 28)	Leptin  rs7799039	AA vs. GG A vs. G	0.79 0.84	1.16 [0.40–3.38] 1.06 [0.60–1.86]
	BMP4  rs4898820	TT vs. GG T vs. G	0.92 0.92	1.07 [0.31–3.64] 1.02 [0.58–1.80]
Males (n = 16)	Leptin  rs7799039	AA vs. GG A vs. G	1 0.82	1.16 [0.21–6.56] 1.07 [0.45–2.50]
	BMP4  rs4898820	TT vs. GG T vs. G	0.70 0.46	1.45 [0.28–7.64] 1.39 [0.58–3.37]
Females (n = 74)	Leptin  rs7799039	AA vs. GG A vs. G	0.30 0.31	1.50 [0.69–3.25] 1.23 [0.83–1.82]
	BMP4  rs4898820	TT vs. GG T vs. G	0.79 0.79	1.12 [0.48–2.63] 1.06 [0.71–1.57]

A value of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. BMP4 indicates bone morphogenetic protein 4; AIS: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.