Figure 2.

Basal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and TFAM protein levels in mouse brain were elevated by tocotrienol/γ-cyclodextrin supplementation. (a) Basal ATP [μM/mg protein] and (b) MMP [AU/mg protein] levels were measured in dissociated brain cells that were freshly isolated from the mice fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with tocotrienol/γ-cyclodextrin (T3CD) complex. (c) TFAM and (d) PGC1 protein levels were determined by Western blotting and subsequent densitometric analysis of target bands. Target protein expression was related to the total protein fluorescence transferred to the PVDF membrane. Representative blots from one of 5–8 animals per groups are shown. Values are the means + SEM from 5 to 8 animals per group. The asterisks indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the groups.