Table 3.
Associations between characteristics of participants and 25(OH)D deficiency.
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age groups, yrs. | ||
| 60–69 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 70–79 | 1.30 (1.28–1.31) | 1.31 (1.30–1.33) |
| ≥80 | 1.79 (1.77–1.81) | 1.54 (1.52–1.56) |
| Sex | ||
| Men | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Women | 3.25 (3.21–3.28) | 3.19 (3.15–3.22) |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | ||
| Underweight | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Normal | 0.93 (0.90–0.96) | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) |
| Overweight | 0.92 (0.89–0.95) | 0.92 (0.89–0.95) |
| Obesity | 1.53 (1.48–1.58) | 1.30 (1.25–1.34) |
| Race | ||
| Indigenous | 2.34 (2.30–2.38) | 2.75 (2.70–2.80) |
| Black | 0.65 (0.63–0.67) | 0.75 (0.85–0.88) |
| Mestizo | 0.81 (0.80–0.83) | 0.89 (0.88–0.91) |
| Mulatto | 0.62 (0.60–0.63) | 0.71 (0.68–0.73) |
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Area of residence | ||
| Rural mountains | 4.51 (4.43–4.59) | 4.49 (4.40–4.58) |
| Urban mountains | 3.05 (3.00–3.11) | 2.74 (2.69–2.80) |
| Urban coast | 1.37 (1.35–1.40) | 1.22 (1.20–1.25) |
| Rural coast | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Living status | ||
| Alone | 1.04 (1.03–1.06) | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) |
| Accompanied | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Literacy | ||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 1.56 (1.54–1.57) | 1.16 (1.15–1.17) |
| Consume dairy products | ||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 1.10 (1.09–1.11) | 1.14 (1.13–1.15) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Current | 0.43 (0.42–0.44) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) |
| Former | 0.46 (0.45–0.46) | 0.88 (0.87–0.89) |
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Alcohol use | ||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 day | 0.73 (0.72–0.74) | 1.20 (1.18–1.22) |
| ≥2 days | 0.43 (0.41–0.44) | 0.87 (0.84–0.91) |
| Physical activity | ||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 0.78 (0.77–0.78) | 1.15 (1.13–1.16) |
| Self-reported health | ||
| Excellent to good | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Fair to poor | 0.92 (0.91–0.92) | 0.73 (0.72–0.74) |
| Mobility disability | ||
| Yes | 1.13 (1.12–1.14) | 0.75 (0.74–0.76) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Limitations in ADLs | ||
| Yes | 1.34 (1.33–1.35) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |