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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J AAPOS. 2015 Apr;19(2):157–162. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2015.01.011

Table 1.

Gold standard American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus eye examination failure criteria,4 with visual acuity failure criteria based on published normative data.13,14

Age Refractive error—thresholds for failure on gold standard exam
Astigmatism Hyperopia (any meridian) Anisometropia Myopia (any meridian)
31-48 months >2.0 D >4.0 D >2.0 D > −3.0 D
>48 months >1.5 D >3.5 D >1.5 D > −1.5 D
Visual acuity—thresholds for failure on gold standard exam
30-47 months (2.5 to <4 years)13 Worse than 20/50
48-59 months (4 to <5 years)13 Worse than 20/40
60-83 months (5 to <7 years)13, 14 Worse than 20/32
≥84 months (7+ years)14 Worse than 20/25
Any age Interocular difference of ≥3 lines
Alignment
Any age Manifest strabismus of >8 PD in primary position
Media
Any age Media opacity >1 mm

D, diopter; PD, prism diopter.