Table 4.
Prediction of Adult Metabolic Risk from Adolescent Relationship Quality Measures
| Predictor | Whole Sample (n = 11,617) |
Males (n = 5,347) |
Females (n = 6,270) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (1 = male) | 2.56*** (2.27, 2.88) | ||
| W1 Age | .99 (.94, 1.05) | .97 (.91, 1.05) | 1.01 (.94, 1.10) |
| Race/ethnicity (White) | |||
| Black | 1.69*** (1.49, 1.92) | 1.45*** (1.23, 1.73) | 1.94*** (1.64, 2.29) |
| Native American | 1.76 (.88, 3.50) | 1.58 (.62, 4.03) | 2.04* (1.11, 3.75) |
| Asian | 1.08 (.79, 1.48) | 1.17 (.73, 1.86) | .97 (.65, 1.46) |
| Hispanic | 1.01 (.87, 1.17) | 1.06 (.83, 1.34) | .94 (.75, 1.18) |
| Other | .71 (.38, 1.33) | .65 (.30, 1.38) | .80 (.26, 2.41) |
| Parents’ mean education (high school) |
|||
| Less than high school | 1.01 (.86, 1.20) | .99 (.78, 1.25) | 1.04 (.83, 1.30) |
| Some college | .89† (.78, 1.02) | .91 (.72, 1.13) | .88 (.73, 1.06) |
| College | .84* (.72, .98) | .90 (.74, 1.10) | .78* (.63, .97) |
| More than college | .77* (.62, .94) | .99 (.79, 1.24) | .54*** (.39, .74) |
| Parental Structure (two biological parents) |
|||
| Two parents, one biological |
1.02 (.90, 1.17) | 1.03 (.85, 1.25) | 1.02 (.84, 1.24) |
| Single parent | 1.01 (.90, 1.14) | 1.12 (.96, 1.31) | .91 (.75, 1.10) |
| Other parental structure | .83 (.62, 1.09) | .86 (.63, 1.17) | .83 (.57, 1.21) |
| W1 BMI | 2.11*** (1.98, 2.24) | 1.97*** (1.81, 2.14) | 2.28*** (2.10, 2.47) |
| W1 General health | 1.04 (.98, 1.09) | 1.04 (.97, 1.11) | 1.04 (.96, 1.12) |
| W1 Relationship measures | |||
| Positive parent-child relationship quality |
.93* (.86, .99) | 1.06 (.98, 1.15) | .92* (.86, .99) |
| Parent-child conflict | 1.02 (.96, 1.08) | 1.03 (.97, 1.10) | 1.02 (.96, 1.09) |
| Male friendship closeness | .93* (.87, .99) | 1.05 (.98, 1.13) | .92* (.86, .99) |
| Female friendship closeness |
1.01 (.93, 1.09) | 1.06 (.98, 1.16) | 1.01 (.94, 1.10) |
| Loneliness | .97 (.90, 1.04) | 1.03 (.95, 1.11) | .96 (.89, 1.03) |
| Gender × Positive parent- child relationship quality |
1.14* (1.02, 1.28) | ||
| Gender × Parent-child conflict |
1.02 (.94, 1.10) | ||
| Gender × Male friendship | 1.14** (1.04, 1.26) | ||
| Gender × Female friendship |
1.05 (.96, 1.16) | ||
| Gender × Loneliness | 1.06 (.95, 1.18) |
Note. Reference groups are in parentheses. Findings are reported in odds ratios. 95% confidence intervals are presented in parentheses.
†
p < .10.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.