Table 1.
Effects of aerobic exercise training on miRNA expression in physiological cardiac remodeling
| Exercise Training | miRNA | Target Gene | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Running (interval exercise) |
↓miRNA-1 ↓miRNA-133a |
IGF-1, IGF-1R RhoA, Cdc42, NelfA |
Hypertrophy | 8, 18 |
| Swimming (continuous exercise) |
↓miRNA-1 ↓miRNA-133a/b |
— RhoA, Cdc42, NelfA |
Hypertrophy | 23, 91 |
| Swimming (continuous exercise) |
↑miRNA-29a/c | Collagen I/III | Fibrosis | 65, 91 |
| Swimmimg (continuous exercise) |
↓miRNA-208a | Purβ | Hypertrophy | 24 |
| Swimming (continuous exercise) |
↑miRNA-126 | Spred-1, PI3KR2 | Angiogenesis | 89 |
| Swimming (continuous exercise) |
↑miRNA-27a/b ↓miRNA-143 |
ECA ECA2 |
Hypertrophy | 20 |
| Wheel running (voluntary exercise) |
↓miRNA-27a ↓miRNA-143 ↓miRNA-26b ↑miRNA-150 |
GATA4* — IGF-1,* PI3K* GS3K-β,* C-MYB* |
Hypertrophy | 61 |
| Swimming (continuous exercise) |
↑miRNA-21, -144 ↑miRNA-145 ↓miRNA-124 |
PTEN TSC2 PI3K (p110α) |
Hypertrophy | 58 |
| Swimming (continuous exercise) |
↑miRNA-30e ↑miRNA-133b ↑miRNA-208a ↓miRNA-99b ↓miRNA-100 |
Bcl-2 — — IGF-1R, Akt, mTOR IGF-1R, Akt, mTOR |
Hypertrophy | 80 |
| Swimming and wheel running (continuous exercise) | ↑miRNA-222 | p27 HIPK1 HMBOX1 |
Hypertrophy | 56 |
Predicted target gene. IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor; GATA4; GATA binding protein 4; C-MYB, cellular homolog of MYB avian myeloblastosis oncogene homolog; GS3K-β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; TSC2, tuberous sclerosis complex 2; ECA and ECA2, angiotensin-converting enzymes 1 and 2; Spred-1, sprouty-related protein 1; PI3KR2, phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) regulatory subunit 2; Purβ, purine-rich element binding protein B; RhoA, Ras homologue gene family-A; Cdc42, cell division control protein 42; NelfA, negative elongation factor complex member A; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Akt, protein kinase B; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; p27, cell-cycle inhibitor; HIPK1, protein kinase; HMBOX1, transcriptional repressor.