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4-HIL reduced phospho-GSK-3 levels. Treatment with 4-HIL led to the reduced expression of phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9). HepG2 cells (2×106) were treated with TNF-α alone or TNF-α plus 20 µM 4-HIL for 24 h. Whole-cell extracts were prepared to assess the expression of phospho-GSK-3α/β. The same blots were stripped and reprobed with β-actin antibody to verify equal protein loading (***P<0.001 vs. TNF-α group).
