Table 1.

Case-control and cohort studies on the association between acid-suppressing medication and fracture risk

source	country	Study design	Gender (% female)	Study population	Mean age (year)	Duration of follow-up (year)	Fracture site
Yang 2006	UK	Nested	79.9%	13556 cases	77	1987-2003	hip
		Case-control		135386 controls
Corley 2010	USA	Case-control	65%	33752 cases	69.4% older	1995-2007	hip
				130471 controls	Than 70
Reyes 2013	Spain	Case-control	76.9%	358 cases	82	2007-2010	hip
				698 controls
Adam 2014	USA	Case-control	0%	6774 cases	69% older	1997-2006	hip
				6774 controls	Than 70
Gray 2010	USA	cohort	100%	161806 women	50-79	7.8	Spine
				119084 nonusers			Hip
				2731 PPI users			wrist
				7952 H2RA users
Pouwels 2011	Netherland	Case-control	72.7%	6763 cases	75	1991-2002	hip
				26341 controls
Targownik 2008	Canada	cohort	70.2%	15792 cases	More than	1996-2004	Hip
				47289 controls	50		Vertebra
							wrist
Vestergaard 2006	Denmark	Case-control	51.8%	124655 cases	43.44	NA	Hip
				373962 controls			Spine
							wrist
Kaye 2008	UK	Nested	71.6%	1098 cases	50.79	1995-2005	hip
		case-control		10923 controls
Yu 2008	USA	cohort	SOF: 100%	F: 234 PPI users	F: 79	NA	Hip
			MrOS: 0%	519 H2RA users	M: 74		Non-spine
				4574 controls
				M: 487 PPI users
				335 H2RA users
				4920 controls
Chiu 2010	Taiwan	Case-control	57.94%	1241 cases	74	NA	hip
				1241 controls
Raux 2008	Europe	cohort	100%	61 PPI users>	55-79	Patients received	spine
				1150 nonusers
Fraser 2013	Canada	cohort	69.39%	261 PPI users		1999-2001
De Varies 2009	UK	cohort	55.8%	234144 PPI users	PPI users 62	PPI: 3.5	Hip
				0 non-users	H2RA 61	H2ra: 6.3	Spine
				166798 H2RA users			Any
				0 nonusers
Moberg 2014	Sweden	cohort	100%	47 users	56.4	1995-2012	any
				2724 nonusers
Khalili 2012	USA	cohort	100%	74558 nonusers	67	2000-2008	hip
				5341 user
Soriano 2014	USA	Case-control		10958 cases	40-89	2000-2008	hip
				20000 controls
Grisso 1997	USA	Case-control	0%	356 cases	Older than 45	1991-1993	hip
				402 controls