Table 3.
Associations between phonological awareness (total score, rhymes, word segmentation, phoneme synthesis, phoneme recognition) and the subtests of music perception as well as the subtests of music production.
| Music perception |
Music production |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melody perception | Pitch perception | Rhythm perception | Tone length perception | Meter perception | Singing a song | Rhythm production | Meter execution | |
| Phonological awareness total | 0.093 (0.505) |
0.321 (0.018) |
0.335 (0.013) |
0.322 (0.018) |
0.246 (0.073) |
0.529 (0.000) |
0.632 (0.000) |
0.205 (0.138) |
| Rhymes | 0.013 (0.928) |
0.189 (0.172) |
0.320 (0.018) |
0.264 (0.053) |
0.125 (0.369) |
0.347 (0.010) |
0.332 (0.014) |
0.443 (0.001) |
| Word segmentation | 0.010 (0.945) |
0.269 (0.050) |
0.170 (0.219) |
0.110 (0.427) |
0.154 (0.265) |
0.344 (0.011) |
0.473 (0.000) |
-0.014 (0.922) |
| Phoneme synthesis | 0.138 (0.319) |
0.104 (0.453) |
0.108 (0.437) |
0.139 (0.317) |
0.214 (0.120) |
0.387 (0.004) | 0.227 (0.098) |
-0.054 (0.700) |
| Phoneme recognition | 0.164 (0.237) |
0.114 (0.410) |
0.231 (0.093) |
0.347 (0.010) |
0.166 (0.230) |
0.257 (0.061) |
0.391 (0.003) |
0.175 (0.206) |
p-values in parentheses. Significant results in bold.