Table 2.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ARDS.
| Author/year | Design | N | Intervention | Main outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masclans et al., 1998 [32] | RCT, single-centre | 21 | LCT/MCT (versus LCT versus placebo), 12 hr |
↑CO, O2 consumption and delivery = Pulmonary haemodynamics and arterial O2 tension |
|
| ||||
| Suchner et al., 2001 [33] | RCT (crossover) | 18 | Rapid (6 hr) versus slow (24 hr) fat emulsion, LCT/MCT |
Rapid: ↑P/T, pulmonary shunt and CO; ↓PVR, SVR, and PaO2/FIO2 |
|
| ||||
| Faucher et al., 2003 [34] | RCT (crossover) | 18 | LCT/MCT (versus LCT), 6 hr |
Transitory ↑PaO2/FIO2 |
|
| ||||
| Gadek et al., 1999 [36] | RCT, multicentre | 146 | EPA + GLA, 4–7 days | ↑PaO2/FIO2
↓Days of MV and UCI LOS |
|
| ||||
| Sabater et al., 2008 [37] | RCT, single-centre | 16 | LCT/MCT/ω-3 (versus LCT), 12 hr |
= Oxygenation, haemodynamics |
|
| ||||
| Sabater et al., 2011 [38] | RCT, single-centre | 16 | LCT/MCT/ω-3 (versus LCT), 12 hr |
↓LTB4, TXB2, 6-keto-PG during infusion |
|
| ||||
| Singer et al., 2006 [39] | RCT, single-centre | 100 | EPA + GLA (versus standard), 14 days | Transitory ↑PaO2/FIO2
= Mortality |
|
| ||||
| Pontes-Arruda et al., 2011 [40] | RCT, multicentre | 115 | EPA + GLA (versus standard), 7 days |
↓Severe sepsis and SS ↓Cardiac and respiratory failure ↓Days of MV and UCI LOS = 28-day mortality |
|
| ||||
| Rice et al., 2011 [41] | RCT, multicentre | 272 | EPA + GLA supplementation (versus standard) twice daily | ↓MV-free days, ICU-free days, nonpulmonary organ failure-free days Stopped for futility |
|
| ||||
| Stapleton et al., 2011 [42] | RCT, multicentre | 90 | EPA + DHA (versus placebo), 14 days |
↑Serum EPA = IL-8 in BALF, organ failure score, MV-free days, ICU-free days, and 60-day mortality |
|
| ||||
| Grau-Carmona et al., 2011 [43] | RCT, multicentre | 132 | EPA + GLA (versus standard) | = Oxygenation and organ failures |
|
| ||||
| Elamin et al., 2012 [44] | RCT, multicentre | 17 | EPA + GLA (versus standard), 7 days |
↓LIS, ICU LOS, 28-day multiorgan dysfunction score = Mortality |
RCT: randomized controlled trial; LCT: long-chain triglycerides; MCT: medium-chain triglycerides; CO: cardiac output; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; GLA: gamma-linolenic acid; PaO2/FIO2: partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen; MV: mechanical ventilation; ICU LOS: intensive care unit length of stay; P/T: prostaglandin I2/thromboxane A2 ratio; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; SVR: systemic vascular resistance; LTB4: leukotriene B4; TXB2: thromboxane B2; 6-keto-PG: 6-keto-prostaglandin; IL-8: interleukin 8; BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; LIS: lung injury score.